Gel filtration/permeation chromatography

Gel-filtration/permeation chromatography The technique is normally used for the separation of biological macromolecules and polymers. It separates compounds on the basis of size. Solutes are eluted in the order of decreasing molecular size. 

Molecular size Dialysis and ultrafiltration Ultracentrifugation Gel filtration/permeation chromatography Gel electrophoresis... 

Gel filtration/permeation chromatography (also known as molecular exclusion chromatography) is a form of partition chromatography in which the solute molecules are partitioned between solvent and a stationary phase of defined porosity without an attractive interaction between the two phases. Gel filtration generally refers to aqueous systems while gel permeation is used in nonaqueous systems. The technique is normally used for the separation of biomacromolecules on the basis of size. Solutes are eluted in the order of decreasing molecular size. Gel filtration chromatography is not used as the first step in... 

This separation method is based on the molecular size of analytes. Analytes pass through porous stationary phase materials having different pore sizes, and molecular interactions between analytes and the stationary phase surface must be eliminated. A very strong solvent is therefore required in this system. This system is also called gel filtration liquid chromatography, gel-permeation liquid chromatography, or molecular sieve chromatography. This system is used to... 

Gel permeation chromatography, exclusion chromatography. gel filtration chromatography. A technique for separating the components of a mixture according to molecular volume differences. A porous solid phase (a polymer, molecular sieve) is used which can physically entrap small molecules in the pores whilst large molecules pass down the column more rapidly. A solvent pressure up to 1000 psi may be used. 

In this work ion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography coupled with membrane filtration, photochemical oxidation of organic metal complexes and CL detection were applied to the study of the speciation of cobalt, copper, iron and vanadium in water from the Dnieper reservoirs and some rivers of Ukraine. The role of various groups of organic matters in the complexation of metals is established. 

W.W. Yau, D.D. By and J.J. Kirkland, Modern Size Exclusion Liquid Chromatography Practice of Gel Permeation and Gel Filtration Chromatography, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1979. ISBN 0471033871. 

The properties of flexible polymer chains moving in porous structures, that is, in structures with geometric constraints such as tubes or slits, apart from their Tclevance for various applications such as filtration, gel permeation chromatography, oil recovery, etc., pose an exciting problem of statistical... 

Size exclusion was first noted in the late fifties when separations of proteins on columns packed with swollen maize starch were observed (Lindqvist and Storgards, 1955 Lathe and Ruthven, 1956). The run time was typically 48 hr. With the advent of a commercial material for size separation of molecules, a gel of cross-linked dextran, researchers were given a purposely made material for size exclusion, or gel filtration, of solutes as described in the classical work by Porath and Flodin (1959). The material, named Sephadex, was made available commercially by Pharmacia in 1959. This promoted a rapid development of the technique and it was soon applied to the separation of proteins and aqueous polymers. The work by Porath and Flodin promoted Moore (1964) to apply the technique to size separation, gel permeation chromatography of organic molecules on gels of lightly cross-linked polystyrene (i.e., Styragel). 

The evolution of media covering aqueous and nonaqueous systems on the one hand and analytical as well as microscale and macroscale preparative applications on the other hand has resulted in an arbitrarily nomenclature within the field. Thus the current practice is to refer to the separation principle based on solute size as size exclusion chromatography (SEC) whereas the application in aqueous systems is traditionally referred to as gel filtration (GF) and the application in nonaqueous systems is designated gel-permeation... 

Size exclusion HPLC has many other common names, such as gel permeation, gel filtration, steric exclusion, molecular sieve chromatography, or gel chromatography. These names all reflect the theoretical mode of action for this type... 

Analyses were performed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Gel filtration of oligosaccharides was effected in a thermostated (65 <>C) column (210 X 1.5 i.d.) filled with polycrylamide gel (Bio-gel P2, 200-400 mesh Bio Rad-USA), using stilled water as eluent (flow rate 30 ml.h-1). 

Exclusion chromatography is a technique for separating molecules based on their effective size and shape in solution. The technique is often called gel permeation chromatography if used with organic solvents or gel filtration if used with aqueous solvents. 

Purification methodologies for estrogens have been carried out by SPE with C18 [53, 54], polymeric [56, 60-62], silica [56-59] and anion exchange materials [59], preparative LC [53, 62], gel permeation chromatography (GPC) [54, 59, 97], liquid-liquid extraction [56], combination of them, or simple filtration [51]. However, the latter corresponds to the method with the highest reported method detection limits (MDL) [up to 175 ng/g dry weight (dw)]. 

Size-exclusion chromatography, also termed gel-permeation or gel-filtration chromatography, separates proteins on the basis of their size and shape. As most proteins fractionated by this technique are considered to have approximately similar molecular shape, separation is often described as being on the basis of molecular mass, although such a description is somewhat simplistic. 

Size exclusion (gel filtration or permeation) chromatography (SEC) is suitable for solutes with molecular weights of 2000 or more and is also useful for the preliminary investigation of unknown samples. Separated fractions can then be subjected to one of the other modes of HPLC. Exclusion chromatography is discussed in section 4.3.6. 

Size exclusion chromatography (SEC), also called gel permeation chromatography (GPC) or gel filtration chromatography (GFC), is a technique for separating dissolved species on the basis of their size. 

Distinguish between gel permeation chromatography and gel filtration chromatography in terms of mobile phases that are used and application. 

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