Gasification studies

Water supply can be quite inexpensive, or very expensive, depending on the plant location. In one coal gasification study, river water was to be used. However, the river... 

Pyrolysis experiments were performed using a heated wire grid technique. Reactor details have been reported previously [7, 8]. The technique has been successfully applied in both pyrolysis and gasification studies [8, 10, 11]. In brief, the mesh or grid is housed in a stainless steel chamber known as the grid reactor (Fig. 8.1). The reactor is 227 mm long and has an inner diameter of 15 mm. The grid (9x4 mm) is constructed of interwoven wires (platinum/rhodium 10%)... 

According to a gasification study conducted on silicones, two modes of gasification have been proposed (1) the volatilization of molecular species native to the polymer and (2) the volatilization... 

Rensfelt, E., Blomkuist, G., Ekstrom, S., Espenas, B.G. Liinanki, L. (1978). Basic gasification studies for development of biomass medium-btu gasification processes. Energy from Biomass and Wastes, IGT, 14-18 August 1978. Paper No. 27, pp. 466-494. 

Whitty, K.J., Sorvari, V., Backman, R. Hupa, M. (1993). Pressurized pyrolysis and gasification studies of biomasses, Combustion Chemistry Research Group, Report 93-7, Abo Akademi. 

Inhibition effects induced by chlorine and reactivation by hydrolysis have been reported in the literature, but mainly from a phenomenological point of view in alkali metal catalysed steam gasification studies, However, a description of the charcoal reactivity in the presence of chlorine over the entire gasification stage is lacking. This study utilises the capability of acid washing to remove mineral matter from charcoal to separate structurally from catalytically determined contributions to the charcoal reactivity. 

Since catalysis is of such current interest, this paper presents a review of some of the literature which deals with the catalytic gasification of biomass. It also summarizes the preliminary results of a bench-scale fluid bed gasification study which employed Canadian hybrid poplar. The effect of such catalysts as potassium carbonate and calcium oxide on wood gasification is reported. Hybrid poplar was selected due to its rapid growth and, therefore, its relevance to the concept of wood energy plantations. 

We are grateful to professor Feil, for his continuing stimulating interest and professor Van Swaaij, who is the research director of our gasification studies at the Twente University of Technology. 

Apparatus and Procedure. A simplified flow diagram of the apparatus used for the gasification study is shown in Figure 1. The reactor was a vertical 2-9/16-in.-i.d. by 32-in.-long stainless steel vessel it was modified for these experiments by a stainless steel sleeve that was inserted to reduce the internal diameter to 1 in. This modification improved temperature control. The reactor contained 18 in. of alundum granules at the top to serve as a preheater, 12.5 in. of catalyst (150 cc.), and 1.5 in. of alundum granules at the bottom. Catalyst temperatures were determined by five thermocouples, spaced at 2.25-in. intervals in a central thermowell in the catalyst bed. 

Photos of the conversion system laboratory are shown in Figure III. GASIFICATION STUDIES... 

Pinto F, Franco C, Andre RN. Co-gasification study of biomass mixed with plastic wastes. Fuel 2002 81 291-297. 

Examples illustrating the model and additional discussions on the model are found in Levenspiel (1972) and Kunii and Levenspiel (1991). Applications of the model were reported in several recent studies, including scale-up studies of catalytic reactors by Botton (1983) and Dutta and Suciu (1989), a gasification study of coal carried out by Matusi et al. (1983), and a study of fast fluidized bed reactors by Kunii and Levenspiel (1998). 

More detailed discussion regarding the model performance is given by Wen and Fan (1975) and Mori and Wen (1975). The literature-reported applications of this model include a combustion study of coal with limestone injection by Horio and Wen (1975), a coal gasification study by Mori et al. (1983), a study on catalytic oxidation of benzene by Jafffes et al. (1983), a catalytic ammoxidation of propylent by Stergiou and Laguerie (1983), a silane decomposition study by Li et al. (1989), a catalytic oxidation of methane by Mleczko et al. (1992), and a study on chlorination of rutile by Zhou and Sohn (1996). 

Gasification studies of polymer laytned silicate nanocomposites. Chem Mato 14 881—887 Giannelis EP (1996) Polymer layered silicate nanocomposites. Adv Mato 8 29-35 Giannelis EP (1998) Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites synthesis, poperties and applications. Appl Organo met Chem 12 675-680... 

M. Zanetti, T. Kashiwagi, L. Falqui, and G. Camino, Cone calorimeter combustion and gasification studies of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites. Chemistry of Materials, 14 (2002), 881-7. 

Kapteijn F, Meijer R, Moulijn JA, Cazorla-Amoros D. On why do different carbons show different gasification rates A transient isotopic CO2 gasification study. Carbon 1994 32(7) 1223-1231. 

Bunt, J. and Waanders, F. (2009) Pipe reactor gasification studies of a South African bituminous coal blend. Part 1 carbon and volatile matter behaviour as function of feed coal particle size reduction. Fuel, 88 (4), 585 594. 

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