Gases and fumes

Warren, P., Hazardous Gases and Fumes, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1997, p. 96. 

Warren, P. 1997. Hazardous gases and fumes—A safety handbook. Amsterdam Elsevier. 

Acrylics in general are also resistant to acids, bases, weak and moderately strong oxidising agents and many corrosive industrial gases and fumes. 

Cleaning substances Bites or envenomations Gases and fumes... 

This brief description of the mercury cells in the caustic soda industry reveals how rubber can play a vital role as an anti-corrosive protective material in all the critical equipment and connected piping systems handling acidic and alkaline solutions gases and fumes. 

The generation of toxic gases and fumes from industrial waste dumps is a further source of public health hazards. Chemical wastes are also known to cause serious health threats to scavengers and other exposed perscms, sometimes long after the time of disposal. 

Other techniques are available to collect the emissions that cannot be prevented or contained. Gases and fumes that escape from the processes are released into the working area and then escape into the surrounding environment. They may affect operator health and safety and contribute to the environmental impact of the process. Process gas collection techniques are used to prevent and minimise these fugitive emissions. Hoods are designed to be as close as possible to the source emission while leaving room for process operations. Movable hoods are used in some applications. Some processes use hoods to collect primary and secondary fiunes. 

An explosion results when a material undergoes rapid reaction that results in a violent release of energy. Such reactions can occur spontaneously or be initiated and can produce pressures, gases, and fumes that are hazardous. Highly reactive and explosive materials used in the laboratory require appropriate procedures. In this section, techniques for identifying and handling potentially explosive materials are discussed. 

It is estimated that office workers sustain 76,000 fractures, dislocations, sprains, strains, and contusions each year. In office areas, trips and falls are the number one cause of injury. Office workers are also injured as a result of foreign substances in the eye, spilled hot liquids, burns from fire, and electric shock. The office may also contain hazards such as poor lighting, noise, poorly designed furniture and equipment, and machines that emit noxious gases and fumes. Even the nature of office work itself has produced a whole host of stress-related symptoms and musculoskeletal strains. 

Ashbumer, 1. (1990). Vapours, Gases and Fumes. Health and Safety at Work, 12(7), 18-20. 

Different mono- and sesquiterpenes have variable lifetimes in the atmosphere depending the other reactive compounds in the atmosphere. In atmospheres rich of oxides of nitrogen (NO ) volatile terpenes participate in the formation of ozone (O3). If the concentrations of NO are low, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes react with O3 leading to lower concentratiOTi of phytotoxic O3. The reactiOTi products can be liquid or amorphic solid nano-scale particles which later aggregate into larger aerosol particles [12]. Reaction products of VOCs are called secmidaiy organic aerosol particles (SOA), because they are formed in the atmosphere from gases and fumes. 

Decomposition products emitted by fire or thermal decomposition at 300 0 contain CO2, CO, bisphenol A, methane, diphenyl carbonate, phenol, phenol derivatives, oxides of nitrogen, triphenyl phosphate, acetaldehyde, HCN, HBr, ABS monomers, ethylene oxide. It was established that gases and fumes evolved during thermal decomposition of similar products have caused respiratoiy irritation in mice. 

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