Gas chromatography-thermal energy analysis

For the analyses discussed here, we have used Gas Chromatography-Thermal Energy Analysis (GC-TEA ) and/or High Pressure Liquid Chromatography-Thermal Energy Analysis (HPLC-TEA). The TEA has been used as the detector... 

Billedeau SM, Thonpson HC Jr, Miller BJ, et al. 1986. Volatile N-nitrosamines in infant pacifiers sold in the United States as determined by gas chromatography/thermal energy analysis. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 69 31-... 

Mola, M., G. Lionetti, and A. Nunziata Determination of tobacco specific nitrosamines in mainstream smoke by gas chromatography-thermal energy analysis 57th Tobacco Science Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 57, Paper No. 10, 2003, p. 23. 

Theiler, R., K. Sato, T. Aspelund, and A. Miller Inhibition of A-nitrosamine formation in a cured ground pork belly model system J. Food Sci. 49 (1984) 341-344. Thompson, H.C. Jr, S.M. BUledeau, B.J. Miller, E.B. Hansen Jr, J.P. Freeman, and M.L. Wind Determination of A-nitrosamines and A-nitrosamine precursors in rubber nipples from baby pacifiers by gas chromatography thermal energy analysis J. Toxicol. Env. Hlth. 13 (1984) 615-632. 

Table 2. Applications of gas chromatography-thermal energy analyser (GC-TEA) to explosive analysis...

Gas chromatography is one of the most powerful analytical techniques available for chemical analysis. Commercially available chemiluminescence detectors for GC include the FPD, the SCD, the thermal energy analysis (TEA) detector, and nitrogen-selective detectors. Highly sensitive detectors based on chemiluminescent reactions with F2 and active nitrogen also have been developed. 

J.M.P. Douse, Trace analysis of explosives at the low nanogram level in handswab extracts using columns of Amberlite XAD-7 porous polymer beads and sdica capillary column gas chromatography with thermal energy analysis and electron capture detection , J. Chromatogr., 328 (1985) 155-165. 

D. H. Fine and D. P. Rounbehler, Trace analysis of volatile N-nitroso compounds by combined gas chromatography and thermal energy analysis. Journal of Chromatography, 1975,109(2), 271-279. 

The prototype of the tobacco specific nitrosamines, NNN, has been detected in both tobacco smoke and unburned tobacco. Various analytical methods have been used including gas chromatography (GLC) (13,14,15,16) combined GLC-mass spectrometry (17), thin layer chromatography (18) high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) (19,20), and combined HPLC-thermal energy analysis (21). 

J. M. F. Douse, Dynamic Headspace Method for the Improved Clean-up of Gunshot Residues prior to the Detection of Nitroglycerine by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography with Thermal Energy Analysis Detection, Journal of Chromatography 464 (1989) 178. 

Potentiometric titration Potentiometric titration TLC Gas chromatography after reduction Thermal energy analysis Water total nitrogen color... 

The data in Table I are also significant in terms of the type of analysis to determine the presence of NDMA. In all cases analysis was done using gas chromatography coupled with a Thermal Energy Analyzer, a sensitive, relatively specific nitrosamine detector (12). Further, in six of the studies, the presence of NDMA in several samples was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The mass spectral data firmly established the presence of NDMA in the beer samples. 

Reliable analytical methods are available for determination of many volatile nitrosamines at concentrations of 0.1 to 10 ppb in a variety of environmental and biological samples. Most methods employ distillation, extraction, an optional cleanup step, concentration, and final separation by gas chromatography (GC). Use of the highly specific Thermal Energy Analyzer (TEA) as a GC detector affords simplification of sample handling and cleanup without sacrifice of selectivity or sensitivity. Mass spectrometry (MS) is usually employed to confirm the identity of nitrosamines. Utilization of the mass spectrometer s capability to provide quantitative data affords additional confirmatory evidence and quantitative confirmation should be a required criterion of environmental sample analysis. Artifactual formation of nitrosamines continues to be a problem, especially at low levels (0.1 to 1 ppb), and precautions must be taken, such as addition of sulfamic acid or other nitrosation inhibitors. The efficacy of measures for prevention of artifactual nitrosamine formation should be evaluated in each type of sample examined. 

The fundamental research work was subvided into 3 parts [ 6o ] - thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (PTA) of minute samples (5 50 mg) of the material to be studied. Both techniques yield information on the rate of thermal decomposition, the heat of reaction, the kinetic parameters of this process (pseudo-order and activation energy) and the amount of residue. The analysis of the evolving product has been monitored by means of gas chromatography. High temperature oxidation of the residue allows to compare the reactivity of the carbonized residue. ... 

Adams, J.D., K.D. Brunnemann, and D. Hoffmann Chemical studies on tobacco smoke. LXXV. Rapid method for the analysis of tobacco-specific A-nitrosamines by gas-liquid chromatography with a thermal energy analyzer J. Chromatography 256 (1983) 347-351. 

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