Gas chromatography nitrogen-phosphorus detection

Plant samples are homogenized with sodium hydrogencarbonate aqueous solution to prevent decomposition of the analytes during homogenization. Imibenconazole and its primary metabolite, imibenconazole-debenzyl, are extracted from plan materials and soil with methanol. After evaporation of methanol from the extracts, the residues are extracted with dichloromethane from the residual aqueous solution. The dichloromethane phase is cleaned up on Florisil and Cig columns. Imibenconazole and imibenconazole-debenzyl are determined by gas chromatography/nitrogen-phosphorus detection (GC/NPD). 

Water samples are directly partitioned with dichloromethane (DCM). The DCM exAact is then rotary evaporated and driven to dryness with a sAeam of niAogen. The dry residue is dissolved in acetone and analyzed by gas chromatography/nitrogen-phosphorus detection (GC-NPD). 

A Multi-residue analytical method (for plants) is used for rice, citrus and tomato. Buprofezin and p-OH-buprofezin (as the acetylated derivative, p-AcO-buprofezin) are analyzed simultaneously using gas chromatography/nitrogen-phosphorus detection (GC/NPD). 

Abbreviations (iC/l ID, gas chromatography/flame ionization detection GC/MS, gas chromatogra-phy/mass spectrometry GC/NPD, gas chromatography/nitrogen-phosphorus detection... 

It is unlikely that the unchanged nerve agent would be detected in the blood or tissues of a casualty unless samples were collected very soon after the exposure. A number of methods have been reported for the analysis of nerve agents in blood, for application to animal studies. These involve simple liquid or SPE extraction, for example, using chloroform (sarin, soman) (47), C18 SPE (sarin, soman) l48 49 , ethyl acetate (VX) (50), usually after precipitation of proteins, and analysis by GC/MS or gas chromatography/nitrogen-phosphorus detection (GC/NPD). Sarin bound to cholinesterase and displaced with fluoride ion was extracted by C18 SPE (see Part B) (51). 

The methyl ester of bispyribac is cleaned up by silica gel column chromatography. Bispyribac-methyl is determined by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection (NPD). 

For cottonseeds, pyrithiobac-sodium is extracted with acetone-water (4 1, v/v). After filtration, the acetone is removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. The residue is adjusted to pH 1 and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract is cleaned up by liquid-liquid partitioning and methylated with diazomethane. The methyl ester of pyrithiobac is purified by silica gel column chromatography. Pyrithiobac-methyl is determined by gas chromatography (GC) with nitrogen-phosphorus detection (NPD). 

Residues are extracted with acetone. The extract is rotary evaporated to remove acetone, the concentrated residue is diluted with 5% aqueous sodium chloride, and residues are partitioned into dichloromethane. The extract is then concentrated and purified on a silica gel column. Residues of pyriproxyfen are quantitated by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection (GC/NPD). For citrus, a hexane-acetonitrile solvent partition step is required for oil removal prior to the dichloromethane partition step. 

GC = gas chromatography GPC = gel permeation chromatography MS = mass spectrometry NPD = nitrogen/phosphorus detection... 

Acrylonitrile in both biological and environmental samples is most commonly determined by gas chromatography with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector (GC/NPD) (Page 1985), gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/FID) (EPA 1982a), or gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) (Anderson and Harland 1980). Infrared spectroscopy (Jacobs and Syrjala... 

De la Torre, R. et al. 1998. Quantitative determination of tricyclic antidepressnts and their metabolites in plasma by solid phase extraction (bond-elut TCA) and separation by capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. Ther Drug Monit. 20 340. 

Seto Y, Tsunoda N, Ohta H, et al. 1993. Determination of blood cyanide by headspace gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detection and using a megabore capillary column. Analytica ChimicaActa 276 247-259. 

AFID = alkali flame ionization detector ECD = Electron capture detection EPA = Environmental Protection Agency FPD = flame photometric detection GC = gas chromatography GPC = gel permeation chromatography HRGC = high resolution gas chromatography NPD = nitrogen- phosphorus detection SPE = solid phase extraction device... 

Edgell KW, Jenkins EL, Lopez-Avila V, et al. 1991. Capillary column gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection for determination of nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing pesticides in finished drinking waters Collaborative study. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 74 295-309. 

Ghen X-H, Franke J-P, Wijsbeek J, de Zeeuw RA. 1994. Determination of basic drugs extracted from biological matrices by means of solid-phase extraction and wide-bore capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. 

Drebit R, Baker GB, Dewhurst WG. 1988. Determination of maprotiline and desmethylmaprothine in plasma and urine by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 432 334. 

Goodnough DB, Baker GB, Coutts RT. 1995. Simultaneous quantification of fluoxetine, norfluoxetine and desipramine using gas chromatography with nitrogen—phosphorus detection. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 34 143. 

Hegadoren KM, Baker GB, Coutts RT. 1993. The simultaneous separation and quantitation of the enantiomers of MDMA and MDA using gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. Res Commun Subst Abuse 14 67. 

Koide I, Noguchi O, Okada K, Yokoyama A, Oda H, et al. 1998. Determination of amphetamine and methamphetamine in human hair by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with nitrogen—phosphorus detection. J Chromatogr B 707 99. 

Martinez MA, Sanchez de la Torre C, Almarza E. 2002. Simultaneous determination of viloxazine, venlafaxine, imipra-mine, desipramine, sertraline, and amoxapine in whole blood comparison of two extraction/cleanup procedures for capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. J Anal Toxicol 26 296. 

Kirkbride (1987) described the estimation of diazinon in human omental tissue (fatty tissue) after a fatal poisoning. In this method, the tissue was pulverized and extracted with acetone. After extract concentration and purification by sweep co-distillation and Florisil fractionation, diazinon was measured by gas chromatography (GC) with nitrogen-phosphorus detection (NPD). After another fatal diazinon poisoning, diazinon was quantified by GC/electron capture detection (ECD) and GC/flame ionization detection (FID) by Poklis et al. (1980). The diazinon in human adipose, bile, blood, brain, stomach contents, kidney, and liver was recovered by macerating the sample with acetonitrile followed by the addition of aqueous sodium sulfate and extraction into hexane. Following an adsorption chromatography clean-up, the sample was analyzed. 

JJ Jimenez, JL Bernal, MJ del Nozal, JM Rivera. Determination of pesticide residues in waters from small loughs by solid-phase extraction and combined use of gas chromatography with electron-capture and nitrogen-phosphorus detection and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. J Chromatogr A 289-300, 1997. 

Figure 11.14 Analysis of amphetamines by GC-NPD following HS-SPME extraction from human hair (a) Normal hair (b) normal hair after addition of amphetamine (1.5 ng) and methamphetamine (16.1 ng) (c) hair of an amphetamine abuser. Peak identification is as follows 1, a-phenethylamine (internal standard) 2, amphetamine 3, methamphetamine 4, N-propyl-/)-phenethyamine (internal standard). Reprinted from Journal of Chronatography, B 707,1. Koide et al., Determination of amphetamine and methamphetamine in human hair by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection, pp. 99-104, copyright 1998, with permission from Elsevier Science.

Garcia-Repetto, R., I. Garrido, and M. Repetto (1996). Determination of organochlorine, organophosphorus and triazine pesticide residues in wine by gas chromatography with electron capture and nitrogen-phosphorus detection. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. Int., 79(6) 1423-1427. 

H. Karnes and D. Farthing, Improved method for the determination of oxazepam in plasma using capillary gas chromatography and nitrogen-phosphorus detection, LC-GC, 5 978-979 (1988). 

H.C. De Bisschop and E. Michiels, Assay of the nerve agent soman in serum by capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection and splitless injection, Chromatographia, 18, 433-436 (1984). 

II.Q.l Urinary Analysis of Ramipril Using Gas Chromatography with Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Detection (GC-NPD) 631... 

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