Soman nerve agent

Guides for Emergency Response Chemical Agent or Weapon Nerve Agent Soman (GD)... 

Material Safety Data Sheets Lethal Nerve Agents Soman... 

Jenkins AL, Uy OM, Murray GM. Polymer-based lanthanide luminescent sensor for detection of the hydrolysis product of the nerve agent Soman in water. Anal Chem 1999 71 373-378. 

Jenkins et al. produced a fiber optic based luminescence sensor designed to measure a hydrolysis product of the nerve agent soman (GD) in water. The sensor exhibited high selectivity, no interference from organophophorous (OP) herbicides or pesticides, and high sensitivity, with a limit of detection of 600 fg/mL in water (10). 

H.C. De Bisschop and E. Michiels, Assay of the nerve agent soman in serum by capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection and splitless injection, Chromatographia, 18, 433-436 (1984). 

Willems, J.L., M. Nacaise and H.C. De Bisschop. 1984. Delayed neuropathy by the organophosphorus nerve agents soman and tabun. Arch. 

Petras, J.M. 1984. Brain pathology induced by organophosphate poisoning with nerve agent soman. Pore. Fourth Annual Chem. Biosci. Rev., AD B089975, p. 407. (cited in Baze, 1993)... 

It is acknowledged that there exists a rich and valuable body of repeat-exposure studies employing serial vapor or serial injection exposures for the nerve agents soman (GD), sarin (GB) and VX (please see recent excellent reviews and analyses in Shih et al, 2006 McDonough and Romano, 2008 as well as recent experimental studies by Dabisch ct a/., 2005, 2007a) the interested reader is encouraged to examine these and related resources, as the current evaluation does not highlight experiments that apply serial exposure protocols. 

Gupta, R.C., Dettbam, W-D. (1992). Potential of memantine, d-tubocurarine and atropine in preventing acute toxic myopathy induced by organophosphate nerve agents soman, sarin, tabun and VX. NeuroToxicology 13 500-14. 

McDonough, J.H., Clark, T.R., Slone, T.W., Jr., Zoeffel, D., Brown, K., Kim, S., Smith, C.D. (1998). Neural lesions in the rat and their relationship to EEG delta activity following seizures induced hy the nerve agent soman. Neurotoxicology 19 381-92. 

Another possible application, probably in the near future, is that A-esterases may find a role in the destruction of large amounts of nerve agents and OP insecticides, and the degradation products formed are generally nontoxic. Eventual mutations on A-esterases can contribute to increased specificity towards substrates of special importance such as warfare nerve agents soman, sarin, and tabun. 

Sarin is absorbed both through the skin and via respiration. It is more soluble in water than the other nerve agents (soman (GD) and VX) its solubility is directly related to temperature. The half-life of sarin, however, is inversely related to temperature and pH. In water the half-life of sarin is 15 min at 30°C and at pH 7.6. Nerve agents inhaled as vapors or aerosols enter the systemic circulation, resulting in toxic manifestations within seconds to 5 min of inhalation. 

See also Nerve Agents Soman Tabun V-Series Nerve Agents Other than VX VX. 

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