Urinary analysis

The patient s white blood cell count may be normal or only slightly elevated. Nonspecific findings include anemia (normocytic, normochromic), thrombocytopenia, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein, and altered urinary analysis (proteinuria/microscopic hematuria). 

II.Q.l Urinary Analysis of Ramipril Using Gas Chromatography with Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Detection (GC-NPD) 631... 

Laasar-0>hn s Practical Urinary Analysis. (Lorenz.).xamo. 

Suzuki et al. [40] reported the urinary analysis of 12-HETE using RPLC-MS in SRM mode, and the chiral analysis of 12-HElE using a column-switching setup, in which the 12-HETE containing fraction from the first RPLC column was heartcut and transferred to a Chiral CD-Ph column and separated using isocratic elution with methanol-water-acetic acid (65 35 0.02). 12(S)-HETE was found to be the major enantiomer. 

The finding of a cystine stone should prompt confirmation of cystinuria by urinary analysis. It could be argued, however, that aU stone formers should be screened for cystinuria at least 10% of cystinurics form stones in which cystine cannot be detected, presumably because of epitaxis. The index of suspicion shordd be increased in patients who are relatively young stone formers and in those with a positive family history. Once a cystinuric patient is diagnosed, it is important to screen all members of the family, particularly to detect affected siblings. 

Patients with IE typically have laboratory abnormalities however, none of these changes is specific for the disease. Anemia (normocytic, normochromic), leukocytosis, and thrombocytopenia may be present. The white blood cell (WBC) count is often normal or only shghtly elevated, sometimes with a mild left shift. Acute bacterial endocarditis, however, may present with an elevated WBC count, consistent with a fulminant infection. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is elevated in 90% to 100% of patients, and the level of C-reactive protein also may be elevated. Often the urinary analysis is abnormal, with proteinuria and microscopic hematuria occurring in approximately 50% of individuals. 

The stock of reagents required varies, of oouise, with the nature of the work to be done from the small number required in urinary analysis, to the array on the shelves of a fully appointed analytical laboratory. 

A process which is described in most text-books upon urinary analysis, and which is much used by physicians, is that of Liebig. As this method" is one, however, " vhich contains more sources of error than any other, and as it can only be made to yield approximately correct results by a very careful elimination, as far as possible, of those defects, it is not one which is adapted to the use of the physician. 

The reagents required for ordinary urinary analysis are . Nitric acid, Ammonium hydroxid,... 

The information necessary for the urinary analysis, empioying either ARE or rate of excretion method, is presented in nine columns in the table. 

Table 3.3 nformation required for the urinary analysis of an intravenous bolus dose of 80.0 mg of drug in the text example... 

---