Gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry

A multi-residue method based on SPE cleanup and gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry (GC/ITMS) was developed for the determination of 120 pesticides and related metabolites in two soils with organic matter contents of 4.0-5.2%. 

SFE-GC-MS is particularly useful for (semi)volatile analysis of thermo-labile compounds, which degrade at the higher temperatures used for HS-GC-MS. Vreuls et al. [303] have reported in-vial liquid-liquid extraction with subsequent large-volume on-column injection into GC-MS for the determination of organics in water samples. Automated in-vial LLE-GC-MS requires no sample preparation steps such as filtration or solvent evaporation. On-line SPE-GC-MS has been reported [304], Smart et al. [305] used thermal extraction-gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (TE-GC-MS) for direct analysis of TLC spots. Scraped-off material was gradually heated, and the analytes were thermally extracted. This thermal desorption method is milder than laser desorption, and allows analysis without extensive decomposition. 

Larsson, L. Saraf, A. Use of gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry for the detection and characterization of microorganisms in complex samples. Mol. Biotechnol. 1997, 7, 279-287. 

Smith, P B. Snyder, A. E Characterization of bacteria by quartz tube pyrolysis-gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 1992, 24, 23-38. 

To detect nitro explosives in seawater Barshick et al. [298] investigated a method based on gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. 

Complex matrixes typically cannot be analysed directly to obtain the selectivity and sensitivity required for most trace analysis applications. To circumvent this problem, solid-phase micro extraction techniques were used to preconcentrate analytes selectively prior to gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry analysis. 

Hernandez A, Andollo W, Hearn WL. 1994. Analysis of cocaine and metabolites in brain using solid phase extraction and full-scanning gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int 13 149. 

Chai M, Pawliszyn J. 1995. Analysis of environmental air samples by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry. Environ Sci Technol 29 693-701. 

Chien, C.-J M. J. Charles, K. G. Sexton, and H. E. Jeffries, Analysis of Airborne Carboxylic Acids and Phenols as Their Pentafluo-robenzyl Derivatives Gas Chromatography/Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry with a Novel Chemical Ionization Reagent, PFBOH, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 299-309 (1998). 

Yu, J., H. E. Jeffries, and R. M. Le Lacheur, Identifying Airborne Carbonyl Compounds in Isoprene Atmospheric Photooxidation Products by Their PFBHA Oximes Using Gas Chromatography/ Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 1923-1932 (1995). 

Cai, Z., D. Wang, and W.T. Ma (2004). Gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry applied for the analysis of triazine herbicides in environmental waters by an isotope dilution technique. Anal. Chim. Acta, 503 263-270. 

Papadopoulou-Maurkidou, E., J. Patsaias, and A. Kotopoulou (1997). Determination of pesticides in soils by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. Int., 80(2) 447-454. 

Pereira, W., C.E. Rostad, and T.J. Leiker (1990). Determination of trace levels of herbicides and their degradation products in surface and ground waters by gas chromatography/ion-trap mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta, 228 69-75. 

K.E. Goeringer and M.W. Ellzy, Analysis of alkylphosphonic acids in environmental waters by gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/matrix isolated Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, in Proc. 1994 ERDEC Sci. Conf. Chem. Biol. Def. Res., D.A. Berg (Ed.), National Technical Information Service, Springfield, 149-155 1996. 

Ferreira, V, Jarauta, I., Lopez, R., and Cacho, J. (2003a). Quantitative determination of sotolon, maltol and free furaneol in wine by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-ion-trap mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A., 1010, 95-103. 

Barshick, S.-A. and W.H. Griest. 1998. Trace analysis of explosives in seawater using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography / ion trap mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 70 3015-3020. 

Sarri6n, M. N., Santos, F. J., and Galceran, M. T., Solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry for the analysis of haloacetic acids in water, J. Chromatogr. A, 859, 159-171, 1999. 

Crozier, P. W., Plomley, J. B., and Matchuk, L., Trace level analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface waters by solid phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-ITMS), Analyst, 126, 1974-1979, 2001. 

Bao, M. L., Pantani, F., Barbieri, K., Burrini, D., and Griffini, O., Multi-residue pesticide analysis in soil by solid-phase disk extraction and gas chromatography/ion-trap mass spectrometry, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 64, 223-245, 1996. 

Bergamaschi, B. A., Baston, D. S., Crepeau, K. L., and Kuivila, K. M., Determination of pesticides associated with suspended sediments in the San Joaquin River, California, U.S.A, using gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry, Toxicol. Environ. Chem., 69, 305-319, 1999. 

In order to determine ureas and metabolites of triazines and ureas in agricultural soils, reverse-phase liquid chromatography was used with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry (APCI/MS), in positive mode. Gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry was used in MS/MS mode to analyze the parent compounds of the triazines and chloroacetanilides. Method performance was much better in GC-MS/MS than in LC-MS, and acetochlor LOQ was dramatically improved by using GC-MS/MS, this herbicide being very poorly ionized into the APCI interface. 

Z Mester, J Pawhszyn. Speciation of dimethylarsinic acid and monomethylarsonic acid by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 873 129-135, 2000. 

Gas Chromatography/Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (GC/ITMS) for Environmental Analysis I 259... 

Booth, M.M. Stephenson, Yost, R.A. Gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry using an external ion source. Proc. 41st ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, San Francisco, CA, 1993, 716a-716b. 

Tzing SH, Ghule A, Chang JY, Ling YC. Selective adduct formation by furan chemical ionization reagent in gas chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom. 2003 38 401-8. 

Wang D, Atkinson S, Hoover-Miller A, Shelver WL, Li QX. Simultaneous use of gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry electron capture detection to improve the analysis of bromodiphenyl ethers in biological and environmental samples. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2008 22 647-56. 

Yan, C.H. and Wu, H.F., A liquid-phase microextraction method, combining a dual gauge microsyringe with a hollow fiber membrane, for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in aqueous solution by gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 18, 3015, 2004. 

Characterization of underivatized lipid biomarkers from microorganisms with pyrolysis short-column gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, Vol.62, No.23, pp.2565-2573, ISSN 1520-6882. 

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