Gadolinium oxide

Resorcinol Derivatives. Aminophenols (qv) are important intermediates for the syntheses of dyes or active molecules for agrochemistry and pharmacy. Syntheses have been described involving resorcinol reacting with amines (91). For these reactions, a number of catalysts have been used / -toluene sulfonic acid (92), zinc chloride (93), zeoHtes and clays (94), and oxides supported on siUca (95). In particular, catalysts performing the condensation of ammonia with resorcinol have been described gadolinium oxide on siUca (96), nickel, or zinc phosphates (97), and iron phosphate (98). 

G. See Free energy Gadolinium oxide, 147 Gamma radiation High-energy photons emitted by radioactive nuclei, 30, 513-514,516,518f Gas... 

Gadolinium oxide is used in control rods for neutron shielding in nuclear power reactors. It also is used in filament coatings, ceramics, special glasses and TV phosphor activator. The compound also is used as a catalyst. 

Gadolinium oxide is prepared by calcinations of gadolinium carbonate, -hydroxide, -nitrate, or -oxalate ... 

Although the garnet compositions used in memories contain rare earths, the total rare earth use in magnetic films is not sufficient to make much impact on the rare earth market. The use of gadolinium oxide in substrate crystals is another matter. It has been estimated that by 1990 the annual use of Gd203 for GGG substrates will reach 40 metric tons, about twice the present rate (21). 

Gadolinium Oxide, Gd203, mw 362.52 wh to cream-colored powder, sp gr 7.407 at 15/4°, mp 2330° hygroscopic and absorbing C02 from the air in sol in w sol in acids except HF. Used in nuclear reactor control sods, neutron shields, catalysts, dielectric ceramics, filament coatings, special glasses and as P... 

Bril and Wanmaker (149) examined the fluorescent properties of some europium-activated phosphors. In particular, they studied gadolinium oxide, gadolinium borate, gadolinium phosphate, lanthanum borate, and europium phosphate. The phosphors all show an emission spectrum characteristic of europium. From the excitation spectra one can deduce that, in the gadolinium containing host energy absorbed by the gadolinium, ions can be transferred to the europium ions. 

A second type of image-plate detector employs gadolinium oxide, which absorbs a neutron and emits a gamma ray, which in turn exposes the image plate. Image plates have higher spatial resolution but lower efficiency than multiwire detectors. 

Tetrabenzylcyclen 7 has been prepared in nearly quantitative yield by refluxing a mixture of 6 and p-toluenesulfonic acid in alcohol for 6 hours. Debenzyla-tion of 7 can be carried out by treatment with 10% Pd-C under hydrogen. Cyclen 4 is obtained in a high yield. Alkylation with chloro- or bromo acetic acid leads to the ligand DOTA 9 [25]. Subsequent complexation with gadolinium chloride or gadolinium oxide in the usual manner yields Gd-DOTA 5 (Scheme 3). 

The dinuclear Gd(III) complex has been obtained by treating the ligand with gadolinium oxide, Gd203, or with gadolinium hydroxide, freshly prepared from the chloride or triflate under basic conditions (pH adjusted to 8.5 with NaOH) in aqueous solution according to equation (2) ... 

Neutral bis-and tris-gadolinium complexes of the oligomeric ligands have been obtained in the usual manner with gadolinium oxide and the corresponding dysprosium complexes by reaction with dysprosium oxide The latter might be useful as X-ray contrast agents. 

Apart from the intrinsic interest in the process, there are a number of applications of pressure sintering. We mention two. First, this compaction permits the determination of the spectra of solids which cannot be obtained when the sample is in its usual form. For example, Conway (3) has determined the adsorption spectrum of gadolinium oxide down to 2000 A. A similar study is being made on europium oxide by Nathans (5). 

As shown in Table I, lanthanum and lutetium oxides have Sq ground states and consequently their heat capacities should be attributed to lattice vibration. Data on these substances may be used to represent the lattice contribution to a first approximation for neighboring isostructural (and nearly so) sesquioxides. Cubic gadolinium oxide provides a midseries lattice heat capacity approximation at relatively high temperatures... 

The capabilities of two plasma assisted techniques (laser ablation and electrical discharge in liquids) for fabrication of nanoscale composite (Al-Cu/oxide matrix), zinc oxide and doped gadolinium oxide have been piesented. 

In the present paper, the laser/plasma assisted techniques for fabrication of Al-Cu/oxide matrix particles, doped gadolinium oxide and zinc oxide are considered. They offer advantages eliminating the need in large-scale vacuum system since the laser ablation and discharges are performed at normal pressure and they offer a good control over the synthesis process. 

Earths are compounds of the element and one or more other element. Two common combining elements are oxygen and sulfur. For example, gadoiinia contains gadolinium oxide (Gd203). 

Chemicae Eormulas Common compounds o Cerium oxide CeiOs o Gadolinium oxide Gd203 o Lanthanum oxide LaiOs o Yttrium oxide Y2O3 o Cerium nitrate Ce(N03)3 o Cerium chloride CeCls... 

Figure 13.19 Outputs of mixed potential CO sensors with gold and platinum electrodes and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), ceria gadolinium oxide, and p alumina electrolytes [228-235],...

Gadolinium pyrophosphate Gd4(P207)3, was prepared from gadolinium oxide and sodium pyrophosphate in hydrochloric acid solution. The X-ray pattern showed it to be amorphorous in the vacuum dried state but when heated at 700 and 900°C it became a crystalline solid which indexed in the tetragonal and cubic systems. The presence of the pyrophosphate group in the anhydrous product was confirmed by... 

FeV204 IRON DIVANADIUM TETRAOXIDE 716 Gd203 GADOLINIUM OXIDE (CUBIC) 758... 

Fe2Zn04 DIIRON ZINC TETRAOXIDE 716 Gd203[M] GADOLINIUM OXIDE (MONOCLINIC) 759... 

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