Gadolinium-doped cerium oxide

Chent. Mater., 11, 882-895. (c) Rabeneau, A. (1985) The role of hydrothermal synthesis in preparative chemistry. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 24, 1026-1040. (d) Godinho, M., Ribeiro, C, Longo, E and Leite, E.R. (2008) Influence of microwave heating on the growth of gadolinium-doped cerium oxide nanorods. Cryst. Growth Des., 8, 384-386. 

The spray-pyrolysis technique has been used for the deposition of YSZ films on top of cerium oxide substrates doped with gadolinium [10]. The authors obtained... 

For a higher conductivity, cerium dioxide can be doped either with gadolinium Cei cGd (02 or with samarium Cex jSmj02 doped cerias are quite stable chemicdly. In solid oxide fuel cells they lack the effect of interactions between the electrolyte and the cathode materials that would lead to the formation of poorly conducting compounds. However, doped cerias have an important defect in that at low oxygen partial pressures (such as those existing close to the anode) they develop a marked electronic conduction. This is entirely inadmissible for the electrolyte, as it leads to internal self-discharge currents and even to a complete internal short circuit. The electronic conduction comes about when Ce" ions in the lattice are partly reduced to Ce " ions, which creates the possibility for electrons to hop between ions of different valency. 

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