Gadolinium oxide chloride

Resorcinol Derivatives. Aminophenols (qv) are important intermediates for the syntheses of dyes or active molecules for agrochemistry and pharmacy. Syntheses have been described involving resorcinol reacting with amines (91). For these reactions, a number of catalysts have been used / -toluene sulfonic acid (92), zinc chloride (93), zeoHtes and clays (94), and oxides supported on siUca (95). In particular, catalysts performing the condensation of ammonia with resorcinol have been described gadolinium oxide on siUca (96), nickel, or zinc phosphates (97), and iron phosphate (98). 

Tetrabenzylcyclen 7 has been prepared in nearly quantitative yield by refluxing a mixture of 6 and p-toluenesulfonic acid in alcohol for 6 hours. Debenzyla-tion of 7 can be carried out by treatment with 10% Pd-C under hydrogen. Cyclen 4 is obtained in a high yield. Alkylation with chloro- or bromo acetic acid leads to the ligand DOTA 9 [25]. Subsequent complexation with gadolinium chloride or gadolinium oxide in the usual manner yields Gd-DOTA 5 (Scheme 3). 

The dinuclear Gd(III) complex has been obtained by treating the ligand with gadolinium oxide, Gd203, or with gadolinium hydroxide, freshly prepared from the chloride or triflate under basic conditions (pH adjusted to 8.5 with NaOH) in aqueous solution according to equation (2) ... 

Chemicae Eormulas Common compounds o Cerium oxide CeiOs o Gadolinium oxide Gd203 o Lanthanum oxide LaiOs o Yttrium oxide Y2O3 o Cerium nitrate Ce(N03)3 o Cerium chloride CeCls... 

In related research gadolinium oxide nanoparticles with the composition Gd20 (003)2 H2O were studied by Hu et al. (Figure 7.7). The gadolinium oxide particles were synthesized by the hydrolysis of gadolinium chloride in the presence of urea to form white spheres of 441 nm. A silica shell was then deposited on the particle surface by the hydrolysis of TFOS. Amination of the silica was carried out by reaction with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and was followed by the... 

Gadolinium is produced from both its ores, monazite and bastnasite. After the initial steps of crushing and beneficiation, rare earths in the form of oxides are attacked by sulfuric or hydrochloric acid. Insoluble rare earth oxides are converted into soluble sulfates or chlorides. When produced from monazite sand, the mixture of sand and sulfuric acid is initially heated at 150°C in cast iron vessels. Exothermic reaction sustains the temperature at about 200 to 250°C. The reaction mixture is cooled and treated with cold water to dissolve rare earth sulfates. The solution is then treated with sodium pyrophosphate to precipitate thorium. Cerium is removed next. Treatment with caustic soda solution fohowed by air drying converts the metal to cerium(lV) hydroxide. Treatment with hydrochloric or nitric acid sol-... 

GdCls is prepared by heating gadolinium(III) oxide with excess of ammonium chloride above 200°C ... 

Fe0.877S PYRRHOTITE 717 GdOCI GADOLINIUM CHLORIDE OXIDE 759... 

Gadolinium(III) oxide +53200 Iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate FeCl -dH O +12900... 

---