Gadolinium carbonates

Gadolinium oxide is prepared by calcinations of gadolinium carbonate, -hydroxide, -nitrate, or -oxalate ... 

The Gd-Fe C system. In the iron gadolinium-carbon system, the liquidus projection and the 900°C isothermal section (fig. 21) were determined (Stadelmaier and Park 1981). Six ternary carbides were found in this system. Unlike the binary gadolinium carbides, they do not decompose readily in water. Two ternary carbides are metal-rich and the structures are derivatives of binary Fe-Gd structures. The crystal structures of the six ternary compounds are listed in table 16. 

Carbon nanotubes have been also used as a macromolecular scaffold for Gdm complexes. An amphiphilic gadolinium(III) chelate bearing a C16 chain was adsorbed on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (264). The resulting suspensions were stable for several days. Longitudinal water proton relaxivities, r] showed a strong dependence on the GdL concentration, particularly at low field. The relaxivities decreased with increasing field as predicted by the SBM theory. Transverse water proton relaxation times, T2, were practically independent of both the frequency and the GdL concentration. An in vivo feasibility MRI study has been... 

Krause M, Dunsch L (2005) Gadolinium nitride Gd3N in carbon cages the influence of cluster size and bond strength. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 44 1557-1560. 

In particular for fullerenes, antioxidant properties and photodynamic activity are presented in detail, together with the analysis of gadolinium endohedrals as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Moreover, drag delivery based on carbon nanomaterials has been illustrated. 

When heated with sulfur, the product is gadolinium sulfide Gd2Ss. Similarly, at elevated temperatures, gadolinium combines with other non-metals such as nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon forming nitride, hydride, and carbide respectively ... 

More recently, a chemical map of gadolinium atoms in metallofullerene molecules (Gd Cs2), themselves inside a single-wall carbon nanotube was obtained. Individual Gd atoms could be detected [17], Nanotubes [18, 19] and spheres [20, 21] were also studied, introducing anisotropy and relativistic effects in the simulation of LELS. The agreement is particularly... 

This study shows the possibilities and specific feature of IR-pyrolysis for the formation of nanostructured carbon. In such way PAN, thermal transformations of which have been studied in detail [8-11], was chosen as the precursor for preparation of nanostructured carbon materials by carbonization of PAN and its composites with gadolinium chloride under non-coherent IR radiation. Specific action of IR-radiation on vibrational energy of PAN bands macromolecules allows one to decrease extremely time treatment and as a result to make simple, low energy and cost-effective pyrolitic method. 

Using different membranes and various membrane techniques, isotopes of chlorine [155], carbon [156], lithium in aqueous solutions [157,158], and uranium in CH4 [158,159] were separated. Isotopes of gadolinium and neodymium were separated in hybrid system of nanofiltration/complexation [50]. 

Spinosa DJ, Matsumoto AH, Angle JF, Hagspiel KD, Isaacs RB, McCullough CS, Lobo PI. Gadolinium-based contrast and carbon dioxide angiography to evaluate renal transplants for vascular causes of renal insufficiency and... 

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