Fuel Cell Vehicle Simulation

2 Simulation of the Fuel Cell-Powered Vehicle 12.2.1 Fuel Cell Vehicle Simulation 

For application of the fuel cell as the power source for vehicles, the modeling tool needs to address the transient d5mamic interaction between the electric drive train and the fuel cell system. Thus, the mathematical model that simulates the fuel cell behavior should, at the same time, simulate the vehicle power train working conditions. This allows designing in an integrated manner the whole system by simulating it in different working conditions to stress and optimize the choice of components. 

The main components of the fuel cell vehicle include Power Electronic, Motor Controller and Motor Control Algorithm, Transmission, and fuel cell. 

In the model, each of the component interfaces transfers physical properties from one component to the other components. In addition to component models, the control strategies determine the nature of the interaction of the individual components. The modularity of design allows one to test individual component models off-line and replace it with a different model for the same 

Uppermost level of the fuel cell vehicle model. 

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Hauer, K. H. and R. M. Moore. Fuel ceU vehicle simulation— Part 1 Benchmarking available fuel cell vehicle simulation tools. Fuel Cells 3(3) 84—94,2003. 

Figure 4.6. Simulation results for the Little Red Ridinghood pure 30-kW fuel cell vehicle under a mixed driving cycle (matching achieved speed). Equivalent gasoline fuel use is 2.7 litre per 100 km. See text for further discussion (Sorensen, 2004h).

In this project, ADVISOR was used to simulate different fuel cell vehicle design scenarios and to quantify the impacts of several influential parameters. The effects of designing for a specific drive cycle were analyzed. Likewise, vehicle scenarios for optimal fuel economy were derived for vehicles with a range of fuel cell system performance attributes. These studies have established the groundwork for future studies to be performed based on existing and planned technology deliverables in the DOE Fuel Cells for Transportation Program. 

The modeling approach starts with construction of an econometric model based on historic supply, demand, and price data. A simulation will then be mn to study the impact of introduction of fuel cell vehicles on the supply and price of platinum. Figure 1 illustrates the steps in the modeling approach, and Figure 2 shows the stmcture and outputs of the econometric model. 

Simulated auto industry cash flow from sale of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (Frenette and Forthoffer, 2009). 

Finally, Fig. 4.8 shows the simulation results for a hybrid fuel cell-electric vehicle with 20 kW of fuel cells and a 5-kWh, 113 kg Li ion battery. The two power sources are operating in series, and particularly during the high-... 

Developed a variety of GCtool-ENG models of fuel cell system components based on GCtool architecture for the speed and accuracy appropriate for fast transients in vehicle simulations by PSAT and similar MATLAB-based models. 

Develop and validate models and simulation programs to predict fuel economy and emissions and aid in setting performance targets for fuel cell electric and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles... 

Released a vehicle simulation model, ADVISOR 2002, with a reorganized, configurable subsystem fuel cell model library... 

GREET includes a variety of vehicle propulsion technologies and transportation fuels, of which fuelcell vehicle technologies and fuel-cell fuels are a subset. Table 1 lists the fuel-cell fuels included in the GREET model. GREET can simulate multiple options for a given pathway. For example, GREET... 

Dozens of public outreach events featuring vehicle, fuel, and fuel cell displays were conducted to increase awareness. Highlights included participation in the Michelin Bibendum Challenge by six of the CaFCP s automotive companies and the Ballard ZEbus. This alternative fuel vehicle event included a road rally drive from Los Angeles to Las Vegas. The Partnership also developed a unique, portable exhibit that simulates refueling with hydrogen and presents fuel choice issues in DVD format. 

The commercial CFD code CFX by AEA Technology [1] (see section 3.4.5.) has been taken to predict the hydrogen gas distribution inside the ELBA fuel cell demonstration vehicle (see section 9.S.2.2.) under H2 leakage conditions. It has, however, not (yet) been applied to H2 dispersion in the open atmosphere, but according to its profile, it should be an appropriate tool of simulation. 

Campanari S, Manzolini G and Garcia de la Iglesia F (2009), Energy analysis of electric vehicles using batteries or fuel cells through well-to-wheel driving cycle simulations. Journal of Power Sources, 186,464-477. 

Fuel cell powered vehicles using supercapacitors - device characteristics, control strategies and simulation results. Fuel Cells, 10 (5), 879-896. 

Bouquain, D., Blunier, B., and Miraoui, A. (2008) A hybrid fuel cell/battery wheelchair modeling, simulation and experimentation. Presented at the IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Harbin, China, September 2008. 

Burke, A., H. Zhao, and E. V. Gelder. 2009. Simulated performance of alternative hybrid electric power trains in vehicles diuing various driving cycles. EVS24 International Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Symposium, Norway. Fuel Cells, 1-16. 

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