Influential parameters

Following a review of the available literature, databases and the experience of partners to the COTEST project, the most influential parameters, upper dwell temperature (oxidation temperature) and time (hot time), lower dwell time (cold time) and environment, were investigated in partners laboratories. It was decided to test upper dwell temperature at three levels, and equidistant from a reference temperature to test upper dwell time at a reference, a higher and a lower time to test lower dwell time at a reference and a higher time and to test in wet and dry environments. 

---

The uncertainty may be addressed by constructing a base case which represents the most probable outcome, and then performing sensitivities around this case to determine which of the inputs the project is most vulnerable to. The most influential parameters may then be studied more carefully. Typical sensitivities are considered in Section 13.7, Sensitivity Analysis . 

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROBES BUILDING 6.1. Influential parameters on the sensibility to anomalies... 

The study of the combustion of sprays of Hquid fuels can be divided into two primary areas for research purposes single-droplet combustion mechanisms and the interaction between different droplets in the spray during combustion with regard to droplet size and distribution in space (91—94). The wide variety of atomization methods used and the interaction of various physical parameters have made it difficult to give general expressions for the prediction of droplet size and distribution in sprays. The main fuel parameters affecting the quaHty of a spray are surface tension, viscosity, and density, with fuel viscosity being by far the most influential parameter (95). 

Dining batch fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, other influential parameters can adversely influence the specific rate of growth, and inhibition can be caused either by... 

Incubation control necessitates the precise control of several influential parameters ... 

A global sensitivity analysis was performed for the lead concentration in the arterial blood model (Fig. 7) over the simulation period for each parameter. Parameters considered for the sensitivity analysis are listed in Table 8 (Annex 1). The magnitude of sensitivity is shown by relative sensitivity index. It was observed that the most influential parameter is the porosity of the sediment of the river (phi sed)... 

Aside from the factors accounted for in the simplified Eq. (9), a deeper consideration of the membrane selectivity reveals other influential parameters. The membrane polarity, for example, which depends mainly on the nature of membrane plasticizer, may give a selectivity modifying influence because of the improved solvation of high valence ions by more polar media. 

Makris DP, Kallithtaka S and Kefalas P. 2006. Flavonols in grapes, grape products and wine burden, profile and influential parameters. J Food Compos Anal 19 396-404. 

The most influential parameter in cobalt-catalyzed hydroformylation was found to be carbon monoxide partial pressure. Piacenti et al. (30) showed this to be influential for both a- and internal olefins. Results are detailed in Tables V and VI. The percent of n-aldehyde rose rapidly as the carbon monoxide partial pressure was increased up to 30-40 atm CO further increase had little effect. 1-Pentene clearly gave a higher percentage of straight-chain aldehyde than 2-pentene, but the difference was insignificant in the lower Pco experiments. 

The consideration of these problems (138, 187) lead us to the conclusion that the polarizing power of the cations as measured by the effective nuclear charge alone, is most probably the influential parameter necessary to understand these effects. The polarizing power given otherwise as formal charge/radius or formal charge/radius or even better, effective nuclear charge/radius, cannot explain these effects as well. 

Since the most influential parameter for the choice of material is corrosion under operating conditions, we shall discuss this first. 

The most influential parameters affecting the corrosion of materials are considered to be the pH of the solution, salts, chloride, and the operating temperature. 

The main interest of this work, therefore, lay in the field of water-soluble polymers and their influence on drag reduction in turbulent pipe flow, as it is from this field that the major technological use is to be expected. The investigation of the influential parameters for this class of polymers, such as molecular weight and distribution thereof, thermodynamic quality of the solvent, to name but a few (see Sect. 6.3.3), must precede a clear-cut characterization (see Sect. 6.3.1) of the polymer used. 

The influential parameters in a thermal convection system may be represented by the characteristic length l, velocity U, density p, viscosity fi, specific heat at constant pressure cp, and thermal conductivity K. Thus, we have... 

It is not straightforward to examine the effect of the local magnetocrystalline anisotropy K on the averaged random magnetocrystalline anisotropy in experiment. This is because alteration of K requires a modification of chemical compositions which concurrently alters other influential parameters. Such concurrent alterations overshadow the effect of K on in experiment. This has made an explicit discussion on the scaling property of K in soft magnetic nanostructures challenging. 

The most influential parameter on the reaction products is the reaction temperature. Under subcritical conditions only a hydrolytic separation of 80 % (y-HCH) respectively 60 % (HCB) of the chlorine atoms was detected. In supercritical water the decomposition of the organic attached chlorine in y-HCH and HCB into inorganic chloride amounts more than 99 % Cl at 500 °C. In parallel there is a considerable decomposition of the hydrocarbon framework mainly to water soluble hydrocarbons and to gaseous products like carbon dioxide. SCWO conditions leads to a completely decomposition of theese compounds into environmental friendly reaction products without the formation of Cl2, HCl and dioxines. 

The most influential parameters on US-assisted filtration can be identified from experimental studies and the fitting of theoretical models to experimental results. 

In Refs. [292, 293], the BEN treatment followed by the (100) growth was undertaken to identify the most influential parameter for oriented nucleation in the two-step process. The Si(lOO) substrate was placed on a graphite holder. The film characterization was done using the (220) pole density maxima in the (220)XPF diagram, and the FWHM was selected as an orientational parameter. 

In addition to availability the most important factor for using a biomass/waste stream for energy recovery is purely economical. Studies have shown that the most critical and influential parameter in the profitability of a biomass/waste-to-energy system is tbe (negative) fuel price. Due to the rapid growing market and the relatively small amounts of contractible biomass in the Netherlands, this is a very competitive issue and subsequently little information is available. 

The most influential parameters in dcGD are the current intensity that circulates between the electrodes, the applied voltage and the pressure of the plasma gas. In 1993, Payling and Jones devised a method for separating the contributions of the three key variables in these sources and proposed a quantitative approach in which the emission yield was assumed to depend on pressure alone [171]. This hypothesis was shown to hold for the rfGD mode as well [172]. 

The surface of the silica can be modified with the use of a buffer and this may be an effective alternative method for the separation of polar analytes. This may lead to the enhancement and change in selectivity of ionic samples while exhibiting no effect on the behavior of nonionic samples. The pH of the buffer, concentration, and the type of buffer used have a significant effect on the retention and peak shape of the analytes [4-6]. However, the most influential parameter is the pH of the buffer, where the pH of the buffer solution should be lower than the of the acidic analytes and be higher than the of the basic analytes. 

Knowing the most influential parameters of a specific biosensor architecture is the basis to understand and fine tune the performance of these devices in a rational manner. Figure 1.8 summarizes the key features of typical biosensors and lists several that are of additional importance for commercial devices. Among these, selectivity, sensitivity, accuracy, response, and recovery time as well as operating lifetime are some of the most important key factors. Keeping in mind the needs of the specific analytical task of interest, it seems to be necessary to characterize at least the key parameters mentioned in Figure 1.8 in order to specify the analytical performance of a biosensor design. 

Water is the most influential parameter directing the environmental attack on glass. Therefore, the optimisation of relative humidity during storage and display... 

Ferrer, C., Rodrigo, D., Pina, M.C., Klein, G., Rodrigo, M., and Martinez, A. 2007. The Monte Carlo simulation is used to establish the most influential parameters on the final load of pulsed electric fields E. coli cells. Food Control 18 934—938. 

In this project, ADVISOR was used to simulate different fuel cell vehicle design scenarios and to quantify the impacts of several influential parameters. The effects of designing for a specific drive cycle were analyzed. Likewise, vehicle scenarios for optimal fuel economy were derived for vehicles with a range of fuel cell system performance attributes. These studies have established the groundwork for future studies to be performed based on existing and planned technology deliverables in the DOE Fuel Cells for Transportation Program. 

---