Textile active agents from

Controlled release of active agents from microcapsules embedded in textile structures... 

This chapter wdl outline a variety of active agents used in microencapsulation for textile-based systems. The importance of controlled release and microencapsulation will be addressed as well. Methods of embedding microcapsules into textile structures and the parameters of interest will be further elaborated upon. In addition, the chapter will give an overview of the controlled release of different microencapsulated active agents from textiles. These topics are necessary to understand the challenges that researchers face in developing textile structures with embedded microcapsules for controlled release. 

Controlled release of microencapsulated active agents from textile structure... 

Di- and Triisobutylcncs. Diisobutylene [18923-87-0] and tnisobutylenes are prepared by heating the sulfuric acid extract of isobutylene from a separation process to about 90°C. A 90% yield containing 80% dimers and 20% trimers results. Use centers on the dimer, CgH, a mixture of 2,4,4-trimethylpentene-1 and -2. Most of the dimer-trimer mixture is added to the gasoline pool as an octane improver. The balance is used for alkylation of phenols to yield octylphenol, which in turn is ethoxylated or condensed with formaldehyde. The water-soluble ethoxylated phenols are used as surface-active agents in textiles, paints, caulks, and sealants (see Alkylphenols). 

Emulsification—the formation of emulsions from two immiscible liquid phases—is probably the most versatile property of surface-active agents for practical applications and, as a result, has been extensively studied. Paints, polishes, pesticides, metal cutting oils, margarine, ice cream, cosmetics, metal cleaners, and textile processing oils are all emulsions or are used in emulsified form. Since there are a number of books and chapters of books devoted to emulsions and emulsification (Sjoblom, 1996 Solans and Kunieda, 1996 Becher, 2001), the discussion here covers only those aspects of emulsification that bear on the role of surfactants in this phenomenon. 

Proteins, natural polymers, polysaccharides, and surgars from foodstuffs and animal or plant secretions (albumin, starch, blood, sugars, resins, etc.). The polymeric, cross-linkable nature of these soils and their possible reactivity (with cellulose, for instance) makes them difficult to eliminate, for they can adhere strongly to porous textile surfaces and polymerize there. They can be removed by depolymerization with specific enzymes, together with the action of the other ingredients of the formulations (alkaline substances, surface-active agents). 

---