Mutans streptococci

Mutans streptococci are the major pathogenic organisms of dental caries in humans. The pathogenicity is closely related to production of extracellular, water-insoluble glucans from sucrose by glucosyltransferase and acid release from various fermentable sugars. Poly(catechin) obtained by HRP catalyst in a phosphate buffer (pH 6) markedly inhibited glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus sorbrinus 6715, whereas the inhibitory effect of catechin for this enzyme was very low. 

Sato, T. Hu, J. P Ohki, K. Yamaura, M. Washio, J. Matsuyama, J. Takahashi, N. Identification of mutans streptococci by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 2003,18, 323-326. 

Although Actinomyces has been linked with root surface caries (Edwardsson, 1987), contradictory reports on the microbiology of root surface caries still appear (Beighton and Lynch, 1995 Schiipbach et ah, 1995 Schiipbach et ah, 1996 Van Route et ah, 1994). A longitudinal study, however, failed to prove a role for Actinomyces (Ellen, 1993). Actually, lactobacilli and mutans streptococci are considered risk factors for root surface caries (Banting, 1991 Ravald and Birkhed, 1992). Generally, Gram-positive species predominate in the initial attacks on cementum and root dentin (Edwardsson, 1987). 

S. Twetman, L.G. Petersson, G.N. Pakhomov, Caries incidence in relation to salivary mutans streptococci and fluoride varnish applications in preschool children from low- and optimal-fluoride areas, Caries Res. 30 (1996) 347-353. 

Schuepbach, P., Nesser, J.R., Golliard, M., Rouvet, M., and Guggenheim, B. 1996. Incorporation of casein glycomacropeptides and casein phosphopeptides into the salivary pellicle inhibits adherence of mutans Streptococci. J. Dent. Res. 75, 1779-1788. 

Loimaranta, V., Tenovuo, J., Virtanen, S., Marnila, P., Syvaoja, E., Tupasela, T., and Korhonen, H. 1997. Generation of bovine immune colostrum against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus and its effect on glucose uptake and extracellullar polysaccharide formation by mutans streptococci. Vaccine 15, 1261-1268. 

Loimaranta, V., Nuutila, J., Marnila, P., Tenovuo, J., Korhonen, H., and Lilius, E. 1999a. Colostral proteins from cows immunised with Streptococcus mutans/Strep. sobrinus support the phagocytosis and killing of mutans streptococci by human leukocytes. J. Med. Microbiol. 48, 1-10. 

Saito, T., Iwase, T., Horie, J. and Morioka, T. (1992) Mode of photocatalytic bactericidal action of powdered semiconductor Ti02 on mutans Streptococci. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol. 14, 369-379. 

Devulapalle KS, Goodman SD, Gao Q, Hemsley A, Mooser G (1997) Knowledge-based model of a glucosyltransferase from the oral bacterial group of mutans streptococci. Protein Sci 6 2489-2493... 

Trahan L. Xylitol a review of its action on mutans streptococci and dental plaque —its clinical significance. Int Dent] 1995 45(1) 77-92. 

Schupbach P, Neeser JR, Golliard M, Rouvet M, Guggenheim B Incorporation of caseinoglyco-macropeptide and caseinophosphopeptide into the salivary pellicle inhibits adherence of mutans streptococci. J Dent Res 1996 75 1779-1788. 

J.P. Loyola-Rodriguez, F. Garcia-Godoy, R. Lindqvist, Growth inhibition of glass ionomer cements on mutans streptococci, Pediatr. Dent. 16 (1994) 346-349. 

FIGURE 32.4 (continued) (C) The relative change (%) of mutans streptococci before and after gum-chewing. Means (chitosan vs. control) followed by asterisk are statistically different (p < 0.05). Data are from triplicate samples. (From Hayashi, Y. et al., Arch. Oral Biol., 52, 290, 2007. With permission.)... 

Aksoy, A., Duran, N., and Koksal, F. 2006. In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial effects of mastic chewing gum against Streptococcus mutans and mutans streptococci. Am/i. Oral Biol. 51 476-481. 

Dental caries can quickly occur in young children and lead to mass destruction of primary dentition. The condition is linked to early contamination with Mutans streptococci and treatment is focused on controlling the bacteria. The essential oil of L. sidoides was used in a randomized trial involving 48 children with dental caries. They applied different concentrations of a gel or mouth rinse containing 0.8%-1.4% or 0.6%-1.2% essential oil, respectively. Ef cacy was compared to a mouth rinse and gel containing a thymol/carvacrol mixture isolated from the essential oil at a 7 3 ratio. The rinse and gel formulations of L. sidoides all produced a signi cant reduction... 

Rupf S, Breitung K, Schellenberger W, Merte K, Kneist S, Eschrich K. Differentiation of mutans streptococci by intact cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Oral Microbiol Immun. 2005 20 267-73. 

Lactobacillus rhamnosus hct 70 40 children treated for 3 weeks with 6X10 CEU/day Oral streptococci The difference in mutans streptococci counts was statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). [94]... 

Saliva samples were collected to estimate the amount of salivary mutans streptococci counts the difference in the post follow up mutans streptococci count of the treated group, compared to the reference group, was highly significant with a p value <0.001. 

Juneja A, Kakade A. Evaluating the effect of probiotic contaiiung milk on salivary mutans streptococci levels. / Clin Pediatr Dent. 201237 9-14. 

Nakahata K, Kawabata S, Ono H, Ogura K, Tanaka T, Ooshima T, Hamada S (1993) Inhibitory effect of oolong tea polyphenols on glycosyltransferases of mutans Streptococci. Appl Environ Microbiol 59 968-973... 

Isothiocyanates, the main volatile components in wasabi, are well-known to have a characteristic pungent odor. In addition, they have many biological functions, such as an antimicrobial effect. However, the effect of isothiocyanates on the mutans streptococci, which are the cause bacteria for dental caries, has not been studied in detail. In this study, the anticaries effect of isothiocyanates was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo testing. The anticaries mechanism of isothiocyanates was also reported. 

Inhibitory Effect on Sucrose Dependent Adherence by Growing Cells of Mutans Streptococci... 

Streptococcus sobrinus (5. sobrinus) 6715 and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) MTS 148 were obtained from the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Saitama, Japan. S. sobrinus 6715, 5. mutans MTS 148, and S. mutans IFO 13955 were precultured in BHI broth overnight to prepare the seeded solution. The precultured mutans streptococci was adjusted to 10 cfii/m/ with BHI broth by optical density (660 nm). Each isothiocyanate, in an 80% aqueous methanol solution (50 pL), was added to the test tube containing five mL of each mutans streptococci BHI broth (10 cfii/mL). The test tube was incubated for 24 h at 37 C and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was measured. All tests were run in triplicate and averaged. 

Isothiocyanate has been found to have an inhibitory effect on the sucrose dependent adherence by growing cells of mutans streptococci. In addition, the anticaries effect of isothiocyanate was confirmed by in vivo tests using rats. The anticaries mechanism of isothiocyemate seems to be an antibacterial effect rather than the inhibition of enzymatic glucan synthesis. The anticaries mechanism by isothiocyanate is considered to be opposite that of oolong tea extract. 

---