Frangula bark

Natural Origin Spray-dried acacia, Frangula Bark, Activated Charcoal... 

CASCARA, Rhamni purshiani cortex Cascara bark is more widely used than Frangula as a laxative in the USA since the trees of Rhamnus purshianus DC, family Rhamnaceae, are cultivated in Northwestern USA and Canada. Cascara has also been known as Cascara Sagrada from the Spanish name for sacred bark. Like the closely related Frangula bark, fresh Cascara bark contains reduced emodin-based glycosides. In order to convert these to milder oxidised forms the bark must either be stored for 1 year or heat treated. 

Dyer s broom Rhamnus bark Genista tinctoria L. Rhamnus frangula (cortex) + ... 

Rhamnus purshiana (D.C.), synonymous with Frangula purshiana (D.C.) A. Gray ex J.C. Cooper buckthorn, chittem bark, sacred bark (Anonymous, 1996)... 

Cascara sagrada, the dried bark of Rhamnus purshiana, was first used in conventional American medicine in 1877, after being introduced as a laxative by Mexican and Spanish priests in California. A European counterpart (European buckthorn R frangula) was described by the Anglo-Saxons, and the berries were included in the 1650 London Pharmacopoeia (Anonymous, 1996). 

Rhamni frangulae cortex Alder buckthorn bark Rhamnu.s frangula i.. Rhamnaceae DAB to, PhEur II,... 

Frangula. Buckthorn bark alder buckthorn black dogwood berry alder arrow wood Persian berries. Dried hark of Rhamnus franguia L, Rhamnaceae- Habit. Europe. Russian Asia, Mediterranean coast of Africa, Constit Frangulin. emodin. chrysophanic acid. 

Triosymethylanthraquinone — Emodin — C, 4H4(CH9)(0H)s03 — occurs in the bark of Rhamivas frangula, and accompanies chry-aophanic acid in rhubarb. It crystallizes in long, orange-red prisms which fuse at 250° (483° F.), and yield methylanthracene when heated with zinc-dust. 

The bark of frangula must be aged for 1 to 2 years prior to use to destroy emetic compounds (De Smet 1993 Weiss and Meuss 2001). 

The American Herbal Products Association (AHPA) recommends the following labeling for products that contain Aloe spp. latex, Prangula alnus bark, Frangula purshiana bark, Rhamnus catahrtica fruit. Rheum spp. root/rhizome, and Senna spp. fruit (pod) and leaf ... 

Alder buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula). A member of the Rhamnaceae endemic to Europe, north west Asia, and north Africa whose bark is used to prepare extracts with laxative activity and for mordant dyeing of wool (sandy brown to red-brown) on account of its contents of emodin, frangulins, chrysophanol, physcion, and other anthranoids. 

As typical examples of C. a. amphibine A (type 4) and zizyphine A (type 5) from Zizyphus species as well as frangulanine (type 4) occurring in small amounts in bark and leaves of buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula) are illustrated ... 

FrangufoMnefsanjoinine A). A cyclopeptide alkaloid isolated from sanjoin, the seeds of Zizyphus vulgaris (Rhamnaceae) with strong sedative activity C31H42N4O4, Mr 534.69, needles, mp. 244°C, (a)p -299° (CHClj). F. also occurs in the bark of other Zi-zyphus spp., in leaves of Rhamnus frangula, Euonymus spp. and Melochia spp., and in roots of Discaria spp. 

FranguRns. Anthraquinone glycosides from root, bark, and seeds of the black alder (Rhamnus frangula, Rhamnaceae) and the American buckthorn (Cascara sagrada, Rhamnaceae) as well as rhubarb roots. F are... 

Buckthorn (Frangula alnus) extract CAS 8057-57-6 84625-48-9 84929-75-9 EINECS/ELINCS 283-418-8 Synonyms Buckthorn extract Frangula alnus Frangula alnus extract Rhamnus frangula Rhamnus frangula extract Definition Extract of the dried bark of the buckthorn, Franguia ainus Uses Skin protectant, skin conditioner in cosmetics... 

L-Rhamnose. See Rhamnose Rhamnus frangula Rhamnus frangula extract. See Buckthorn (Frangula alnus) extract Rhamnus purshiana Rhamnus purshian a bark extract Rhamnus purshiana extract. See Cascara (Rhamnus purshiana) extract Rhatany extract CAS 84775-95-1 FEMA 2979... 

Black currant (Ribes nigrum) extract Black haw (Viburnum prunifolium) bark extract Black locust (Robinia pseudacacia) extract Borage (Borago officinalis) seed oil Buckbean (Menyanthes trifoliata) extract Buckthorn (Frangula alnus) extract Burdock (Arctium lappa) extract Butoxyethyl nicotinate Buttermilk powder Butyl octyl benzoate Butyl octyl salicylate Caffeine Caffeine benzoate Calcium caseinate Calcium tartrate Calf blood extract Carboxyethyl aminobutyric acid Cascara (Rhamnus purshiana) extract Cephalins Cetyl PPG-2 isodeceth-7 carboxylate Chimyl alcohol Chlorella ferment Cholesteryl/behenyl/octyidodecyl lauroyl glutamate Cholesteryl chloride Cholesteryl dichlorobenzoate Citrulline Clary (Salvia sclarea) extract Cobalt chloride (ous)... 

The fresh bark of Rhamnus frangula and most Cassia species contains anthrones and not anthraquinones (Leistner, 1985). After storage and extraction, anthraquinones and di-anthrones are isolated but are probably artifacts. Except for a dubious record of acetate-derived anthraquinones in the Scrophulariaceae, these compounds are not yet recorded from orders of plants that produce iridoid monoterpenes (see Chapter 20). 

Glucoside of alder buckthorn bark. Orange needles + iHgO from Py.Aq. M.p. 246-9° (turns red at 197°). [ ]d — 134° in 80% AcOH. Acid hyd. —> rhamnose + frangula-emodin. 

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