Felted paper

Petroleum refining and related industries Manufacture of paving and roofing materials Asphalt and tars, felts, paper, cloth, fiber... 

The filter medium can be fibrous, such as cloth granular, such as sand a rigid solid, such as a screen or a mat, such as a felt pad. It can be in the shape of a tube, sheet, bed, fluidized bed, or any other desired form. The material can be natural or man-made fibers, granules, cloth, felt, paper, metal, ceramic, glass, or plastic. It is not surprising that filters are manufactured in an infinite variety of types, sizes, shapes, and materials. 

Apart from manifold structures, carbons can have various shapes, forms, and textures, including powders with different particle size distributions, foams, whiskers, foils, felts, papers, fibers [76, 77], spherical particles [76] such as mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB s) [78], etc. Comprehensive overviews are given, for example in [67, 71, 72], Further information on the synthesis and structures of carbonaceous materials can be found in [67, 70, 72, 75, 79]. Details of the surface composition and surface chemistry of carbons are reviewed in Chapter II, Sec. 8, and in Chapter III, Sec. 6, of this handbook. Some aspects of surface chemistry of lithiated carbons will also be discussed in Sec. 5.2.2.3. 

Whiskers have been produced in a range of fiber sizes and in three forms grown wool, loose fiber, and felted paper. The wool has a fiber diameter of 1-30 p,m and aspect ratios of 500-5000. The wool bulk density is about 0.03 g/cm, which is less than 1% solids. This is a very open structure, suitable for a vapor-deposition coating on the whiskers or direct use as an insulation sheet. Loose fibers are produced by processing the larger diameter fiber to yield lightly interlocked clusters of fibers with aspect ratios of 10-200. In felt or paper, the whiskers are randomly oriented in the plane of the felt and have fiber aspect ratios ranging from 250 to 2500. The felted paper has approximately 97% void volume and a density of 0.06-0.13 g/cm. ... 

Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) offer a choice of other carbon forms for VOC removal. As discussed earlier, the narrow diameter of the fibers provides ready access of adsorptive species to the adsorbent surface. The incorporation of ACF into permeable forms such as felt, paper, and rigid monoliths helps to surmount the disadvantages of using loose fibers. Rigid ACF composites have been prepared at the University of Kentucky and examined for their potential for the removal of low concentrations of VOCs [31]. 

Use Continuous conditioning and batch washing of paper machine felts. Paper-mill system boil-outs. Deinking of secondary fiber. 

Obvious uniformity is found in simple form with plain-weave metal cloth of light gauge wire. As the gauge of the wire becomes heavier and the weave is changed to a twilled or Dutch-type weave, we have a more elaborate medium that is generally used for filtration. The nature of the holes is more complex and more difficult to recognize with the unaided eye. Woven fabrics become more complicated due to the flexible nature of yams, and therefore it is more difficult to try to define the size of the hole in a woven fabric. The same is tme for media with random stmcture, such as felts, paper, fibrous and porous material. 

Structures Unidirectional (roving, yam) Nonwoven (felts, papers, filament wounded or placement) weave (plane, triaxial) hi- and triaxial braides knitted Z-pinned, needled punched, stitched Tridimensional braids, 3D weave (orthogonal, angle interlock, multilayer), nD multi axial weave... 

Plastics - Abrasion-free asbestos is used to thicken and reinforce thermosets, providing heat, tear, and electrical resistance, low heat deformation, high strength, and stif iess. Short and float fibers are used as fillers mat, felt, paper and cloth are impregnated with resin to form laminates. 

Abluphat MLP-200 Abluphat MLP-220 cleaning agent, felt paper Eldorado FCD-142 cleaning agent, fibers... 

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