Forming Pouches

The most common way to make pouches (and to package products in pouches) is to use a form-fill-seal (FFS) machine, in which preprinted roll stock is formed into a package and the package is filled and sealed with product, all in a continuous operation within one piece of equipment. Cutting the pouches apart is usually accomplished within the FFS machine, as well. 

Two configurations, vertical and horizontal, are defined by the direction of travel of the package through the machine (Figs. 9.3 and 9.4). The pouches are always produced and filled vertically in a vertical FFS machine, and can be produced and filled either vertically or horizontally in a horizontal FFS machine. A variety of pouch types can be made on either type of equipment. The sealing and cutting apart can be done simultaneously, or the pouches can first be sealed, and then cut apart at a subsequent station. 

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This type of package is one in which a flexible material is drawn by the theimoform process into a flexible tray. The package essentially is a formed pouch that allows containment of high profile devices. These packages are generally not self-supporting. 

Cereal Products. Breakfast cereals are susceptible to moisture absorption and require good water-vapor- and fat-barrier packagiag that retains dehcate flavors. Breakfast cereals are packaged in polyolefin coextmsion films in the form of pouches or bags within paperboard carton outer sheUs. 

In a variant of the horizontal form/fill/seal operation, the material, moving in a horizontal direction, is folded on itself vertically. Vertical sections of the two faces are heat-sealed to each other to form a pouch, which may then be filled. The pouch, usually made from film or paper bonded to aluminum foil plus a plastic laminant and heat sealant, is closed by a heat seal. This type of pouch gives high moisture and oxygen protection and is used for moisture-and flavor-sensitive condiments and beverage mixes. 

Form-Fill-Seal, Small Bags and Pouches, and Baler Bags. 21-50... 

Form-fill pouch maker, PWS 2 Pouch 814 X 15 215 X. 380 1- to 3-mil PE film Heat-seal, hotwire cutoff Detergent, spray-dried 39 625 —30 to -1-60 mesh... 

As a result of extensive development and testing by thermoprocessing or aseptic techniques, the use of flexible, laminated aluminum pouches and formed aluminum containers for shelf-stable foods is nearing commercial reality. The increasing use of aluminum for food packaging has been made possible by successfully combining it with specialized plastics, papers, adhesives, and coatings. In many applications, aesthetic as well as protective characteristics are also provided. 

Each of the multilayered materials of Table II, in pouch form, met the retortability requirements. Examination of the pouches after this test showed that no delamination occurred among the layers. However, microscopic examination of specimens used for bond strength tests showed that adhesive failure rather than cohesive failure occurred be-... 

Androderm, anotiier transdermal system, is applied nightly to clean, dry skin on the abdomen, tiiigh, back, or upper arm. This system is not applied to die scrotum. Sites are rotated, witii 7 days between application to any specific site The system is applied immediately after opening the pouch and removing die protective covering. If the patient has not exhibited a therapeutic response after 8 weeks of tiierapy, another form of testosterone replacement therapy should be considered. 

The adenohypophysis is derived embryonically from glandular tissue, specifically, Rathke s pouch. This tissue originates from the oropharynx, or the roof of the mouth. It then migrates toward the embryonic nervous tissue destined to form the neurohypophysis. When these two tissues come into contact, Rathke s pouch loses its connection with the roof of the mouth and the pituitary gland is formed. Unlike the neurohypophysis, which releases hormones originally synthesized in the hypothalamus, the adenohypophysis synthesizes its own hormones in specialized groups of cells. Similar to the neurohypophysis, however, the release of these hormones into the blood is regulated by the hypothalamus. 

The longitudinal layer of smooth muscle in the small intestine is continuous. In the large intestine, this layer of muscle is concentrated into three flat bands referred to as taniae coli. Furthermore, the large intestine appears to be subdivided into a chain of pouches or sacs referred to as haustra. The haustra are formed because the bands of taniae coli are shorter than the underlying circular layer of smooth muscle and cause the colon to bunch up, forming the haustra. 

On the Figures 1 and 2, the schematical drawings of cells for charge-discharge cycles are shown. On the Fig. 1, the cell in the "soft" pouch, formed by welding of three-layer material (lavsan-aluminium-polyethylene) on polyethylene layer, is shown. 

Planar surfaces activated with the NHS-PEG groups may be sealed in a pouch and stored dry in the presence of a desiccant. Activated particles may be stored as a suspension in dry solvent under a head of nitrogen at 4°C until used for further conjugation. The addition of an amine-containing protein or other amine-molecule will cause covalent coupling to the surface NHS ester groups to form amide bonds. 

Among the endocrine organs, the testes are unique because they are suspended in a tissue pouch outside of the body cavity. The testes can be felt and these organs are vulnerable to physical insults, either deliberate or accidental. The effects of castration were described by Aristotle over three hundred years B.C. Removal of the testes or castration as a form of punishment or tribute dates to antiquity. Domestic animals and some cases humans were castrated to make them more docile. Castrata were valued as harem keepers. In addition, seasonal changes in behavior and the dramatic anatomical and behavioral events associated with puberty were components of the natural world (Bronson and Heideman, 1994). Thus, an awareness of a relationship between the testes and human behavior predates written history. 

The use of buccal cell cultures for assessing the permeability of the buccal mucosa has attracted recent attention (see Chap. 7 for a more extensive summary). In order to culture buccal epithelial cells, the cells must be harvested from an appropriate source and cultured under specific conditions using an appropriate growth medium, temperature, and humidity [46], Cell cultures have been successfully grown from hamster cheek pouch. These cultured cells, however, did not differentiate to form a complete keratinized surface as seen in the normal hamster cheek pouch, and they consequently displayed a greater permeability to compounds when compared with keratinized hamster cheek pouch mucosa [134], Therefore, the cultured hamster cheek cells more closely mimicked the human buccal mucosa due to their lack of keratinization, and so this may be an appropriate model for predicting permeability through the human buccal mucosa. 

Gently grasp lower eyelid below eyelashes and pull the eyelid away from the eye to form a pouch. 

Gently pull down the lower lid to form a pouch. 

Chemicals may cross the cell membrane via membrane pores. This diffusion depends on the size of the pore and the size and weight of the chemical. The chemical flows through the membrane along with water. Finally, the membrane can actually engulf the chemical, form a small pouch called a vesicle, and transport it across the membrane to the inside of the cell. This process is called pinocytosis. 

In addition to alcoholic tinctures, castoreum is available in the form of resinoids, which are prepared by extracting dried, comminuted pouches with suitable solvents. 

The most common forms of flexible packaging are the blister package and the pouch. A blister package usually consists of a lid material and a forming film. The lid material is usually a laminate, which includes a barrier layer (e.g., aluminum foil) with a print primer on one side and a sealing agent (e.g., a heat-sealing lacquer) on the other side. 

Foil pouches -as tamper-resistant package form [PACKAGING - COSMETICS AND PFIARMACEUTICALS] (Vol 17)... 

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