Formal saline

Thin, uniformly spread cell smears are prepared on glass slides and then rehydrated with normal saline for 3 min. This is followed by air-drying for 24 hr and fixation with 0.1% formal saline (1,000ml of normal saline and 2.5ml of 40% formalin) for 2-14 hr postfixation is accomplished with 95-100% ethanol for 10 min. The sections are heated in 10 mM citrate buffer (pH 6.0) in a microwave oven for 5 min at boiling and then allowed to remain in the hot solution for another 5 min before being removed for immunostaining. 

This constancy in relative ion concentration was first postulated by Alexander Marcet in 1819 and, hence, is known as Marcet s Principle or the Rule of Constant Proportions. Formally stated, it says that regardless of how the salinity may vary from place to place, the ratios between the amounts of the major ions in the waters of the open ocean are nearly constant. ... 

However, in the horse, the administration of a highly concentrated formula of hypertonic saline-dextran 70 resulted in clinically apparent intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria (Moon et al 1991). Whether less-concentrated formulas are suitable for the horse remains to be investigated. The combination of an alternative colloid, hetastarch (lOml/kg), and hypertonic saline (4 ml/kg) may be an appropriate solution for the resuscitation of horses that are both hypovolemic and dehydrated. Clinical experience suggests that hypertonic-saline-hetastarch is particularly useful in horses with marked hypovolemia and hypoproteinemia, such as those with severe colitis, but this has not been formally evaluated in experimental studies or clinical cases. 

The protocol is a written document (see Section II.C.I) that describes the necessary parts of a stability study. It details the basic plan that will be executed, and its two major components include the tests to be performed and the schedule of testing that is planned. The types of batches that require a protocol are clinical, formulation development, registration, and marketed product. In addition, compatibility of a product with a vehicle (e.g., an injectable product in an intra venous saline solution) is often studied to support the use of injectable products for hospital use. Probe stability studies are generally more experimental in nature and may not be suitable for a formal written protocol. 

In addition to the ammonia processes already discussed, a number of other procedures for the manufactuie of hexamethylenetetramine are also described in the patent literature.- In a method employing ammonium Salts. formal deh -de solution is added gradual to a solution of ammonium chloride which is supersaturated with sodium bicarbonate or to the ammonium bicarbonate-salt solutions obtained in the Soh ay soda process. It is stated that the saline hexamethylenetetramine produced by this method can be used dii-ectly for resin manufacture or purified by extraction with alcohol.. Another procedure of this describes addition of formaldehyde to an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate and the oxide, hydroxide or carbonate of an alkaline-earth metal. 

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