Intra-venous

Drugs Use streptomycin at 15 mg/kg lean body mass intra-muscular every twenty-four hours for ten to fourteen days or use gentamicin at 5 mg/kg lean body mass intra-venous every twenty-four hours for ten to fourteen days or use gentamicin at 1.75 mg/kg lean body mass intra-venous every eight hours for ten to fourteen days or use ciprofloxacin at 400 mg intra-venous every twelve hours (oral therapy may be given at 750 mg orally every twelve hours after the patient is clinically improved, for completion of a ten to fourteen-day course of therapy) or use doxycycline at 200 mg intra-venous loading dose followed by 100 mg intra-venous every twelve hours (oral therapy may be given at 100 mg orally every twelve hours after the patient is clinically improved, for completion of a ten to fourteen-day course of therapy. 

Furthermore, central-acting antimuscarinic drug are effective in the treatment of motion sickness. In this indication the alkaloid scopolamine has been shown to be effective. It can be applied orally, intra venously or via a transdermal therapeutic system. 

See color plate.) Microscopy with 405 nm excitation reveals red fluorescence from talaporfin (LSI l/NPe6) in macrophages within atheromatous plaque on abdominal aorta in hyper- cholesterolemic rabbit, 24 hours after 5mg/kg intra- venous administration. Note green autofluorescence from elastic fibers in adventitia with no detected LS11. Source Courtesy of Prof. K Aizawa, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. 

DNA deoxyribonucleic acid GABA gamma amino butyric acid HBA heavenly blue anthocyanidin i.v. intra venous... 

The elimination or terminal half-life is the time needed for the drug concentration in plasma to decrease by 50%. For most drugs, the half-life remains constant for the duration of the drug dose in the body. The elimination half-life can be calculated following intravenous drug administration whereas the terminal half-life is calculated following drug administration via other routes (non-intra venous). 

Bio availability (symbol F) is a measure of the extent to which a drug reaches the bloodstream and is available at its site of action. The bioavailability of a drug administered by intra-venous (i.v.) injection is defined as 1 (since the entire dose is available in the systemic circulation). Problems start to appear, however, if the drug is administered by a non-parenteral route (e.g. oral, rectal, topical). In these cases, the bioavailability of a drug is often considerably less than 1 due to a number of factors, such as poor absorption from the gut (in the case of an oral medicine), extensive binding to circulating plasma proteins, or rapid first pass metabolism in the liver. 

The protocol is a written document (see Section II.C.I) that describes the necessary parts of a stability study. It details the basic plan that will be executed, and its two major components include the tests to be performed and the schedule of testing that is planned. The types of batches that require a protocol are clinical, formulation development, registration, and marketed product. In addition, compatibility of a product with a vehicle (e.g., an injectable product in an intra venous saline solution) is often studied to support the use of injectable products for hospital use. Probe stability studies are generally more experimental in nature and may not be suitable for a formal written protocol. 

The compound is also toxic by injection thus for intra-venous injection into rabbits the l.d. 50 in normal saline was about 0-5 mg./kg. Pupil constriction began 2 min. after injec-tion, followed by loss of muscular co-ordination and then by lespiratory collapse. 

Wagner, J. G., Pharmacokinetic absorption plots from oral data alone or oral/intra-venous data and an exact Loo-Riegehnan equation, J. Pharm. ScL, 72 838-842, 1983. 

All studies are observation-based all figures exclude intra venous doses (Reproduced from British Medical Journal, Charles Vincent, Paul Aylin, Bryony Dean Franklin et al. "Is health care getting safer ". 337, no. novi 3, [2426], 2008, with permission from BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.)... 

CIVAS Central Intra Venous Additives Service... 

Table 3 INCIDENCE OF CHEMICAL ABNORMALITIES DURING TOTAL INTRA- VENOUS ALIMENTATION ...

Stafford RG, Hines HB (1995) Urinary elimination of saxitoxin after intra-venous injection. Toxicon 33 1501-1510... 

Figure 9 (A) MR images from longitudinal assessment of degeneration of the posterior tibio-tarsal joint of a rat, rendered arthritic by intra-venous injection of a Mycobacterium butyricum suspension at Day 1 (200 MHz, TE/TR = 9/2500 ms, 100 x 100 pm in plane resolution, 1 mm trans-plane resolution). (B) 400 MHz images of excised tibio-tarsal joints from control and adjuvant-arthritic rats, acquired using autosampler technology (TE/TR = 8/1000 ms, 70 x 70 x 250 pm resolution). Reproduced by permission of Dr. Rasesh Kapadia, SB Pharmaceuticals, Upper Merion, PA.

Coulter et al. (2008) Gene therapy Tf-PEG-PEI-CMViNOS plasmid in liposome Mouse hbrosarcoma (RIE-1) Single intra-venous injection of Tf-PEG-PEI-CMViNOS (30 p,g) slowed tumour growth by 50%. 

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