Foreign Bodies

Nucleation is assumed to begin simultaneously from centers positioned at random throughout the liquid. This is more descriptive of heterogeneous nucleation by foreign bodies introduced at a given moment than of random nucleation. We shall dispense with the requirement of simultaneity below. 

The first synthetic polyglycoHc acid suture was introduced in 1970 with great success (21). This is because synthetic polymers are preferable to natural polymers since greater control over uniformity and mechanical properties are obtainable. The foreign body response to synthetic polymer absorption generally is quite predictable whereas catgut absorption is variable and usually produces a more intense inflammatory reaction (22). This greater tissue compatibihty is cmcial when the implant must serve as an inert, mechanical device prior to bioresorption. 

Figure 11.11 Erosion site resulting from lodgement of a foreign body inside a tube. (Magnification 8x.)...

A common cause of erosion is partial obstruction of tubes by foreign bodies. At the inlet end, for example, debris such as sticks, glass fragments, and wood chips may lodge in tube ends or be held against the tubes by water flow. The nominal velocity of the water past the obstruction increases according to the degree of obstruction. It can be shown... 

Foreign bodies embedded in cake cause heat/sparks during removal (plowing out). 

No protection of equipment against ingress of solid foreign bodies. 

Protection against ingress of large solid foreign bodies (diameter greater than 50 mrn). 

All minor cuts should be cleaned thoroughly and covered with a suitable dressing. After controlling bleeding, if there is a risk of a foreign body in the wound do not attempt to remove it, but cover loosely and take patient to a doctor or hospital, as should be done if there is any doubt about the severity of the wound. 

Fremd-gas, n, foreign gas. -kdrper, m. foreign substance foreign body, -metall, n. foreign metal. 

Proprietary terminals are available up to 200 mm, but above this are not used, a Chinese hat terminal being considered adequate to keep out rain and larger foreign bodies. For large flues, particularly forced draft, terminals are not used. 

Cough is an essential protective reflex response to irritating stimuli in the respiratory tract. It involves the sudden, usually involuntary, expulsion of air from the lungs. It can prevent foreign bodies from entering the lungs, or aid the removal of mucus and irritants from the lungs. 

The most common adverse reactions leading to discontinuation include device-related problems (eg, foreign body sensations, coital problems, device expulsion). 

Although side effects are usually mild, treatment with brimonidine tartrate includes oral dryness, ocular hyperemia, burning and stinging, headache, visual blurring, foreign body sensation, fatigue drowsiness, ovular allergic reactions, and ocular pruritus. 

Adverse reactions associated with use of the carbonic anyhydrase inhibitors include ocular burning, stinging, or discomfort immediately after administration, bitter taste, ocular allergic reaction, blurred vision, tearing, dryness, dermatitis, foreign body sensation, ocular discomfort, photophobia, and headache. 

Although mild, the adverse reactions associated with the mast cell inhibitors include headache, rhinitis, unpleasant taste, asthma, and cold/flu symptoms. These drug may also cause ocular burning or irritation, dry eye, eye redness, foreign body sensation, and ocular discomfort. 

Adverse reactions associated with administration of the corticosteroid ophthalmic preparations include elevated IOP with optic nerve damage, loss of visual acuity, cataract formation, delayed wound healing, secondary ocular infection, exacerbation of comeal infections, dry eyes, ptosis, blurred vision, discharge, ocular pain, foreign body sensation, and pruritus. 

The administration of die antiviral ophthalmics may cause occasional irritation, pain, pruritus, inflammation, or edema of the eyes or lids allergic reactions foreign body sensation photophobia and corneal clouding. 

The corticosteroid ophthalmic preparations are contraindicated in patients with acute superficial heq es simplex keratitis, fungal disease of the eye, or viral diseases of the eye, and after removal of a superficial comeal foreign body. 

In addition, silicone polymers in both gel and elastomer forms have been shown to induce a typical subcutaneous foreign body reaction and fibro sarcoma development in rats. The lower-molecular weight silicone polymers may migrate into the adjacent tissues or stimulate other cellular and immunological response. 

Ikada Y. Surface modification of polymers for medical application. Biomaterials, 1994, 15, 725-736. James SJ, Pogribna M, Miller BJ, Bolon B, and Muskhelishvili L. Characterization of cellular response to silicone implants in rats Implications for foreign-body carcinogenesis. Biomaterials, 1997, 18, 667-675. 

PseudofoUiculitis barbae is a foreign-body inflammatory reaction surrounding ingrown facial hair, which results from shaving. Topical application of glycolic acid lotion is an effective therapy and allows the patient to resume a daily shaving regimen [15]. 

Ocular eye involvement is common and may precede skin lesions. Ocular symptoms include foreign body sensation, burning or stinging, dryness, itching, ocular photosensitivity, teleangectasia, periorbital edema, chalazia (Fig. 17.8)... 

Testes from the males examined 43 days after the 8-D treatment appeared normal. However, the epididymis was involved in an inflammatory process with sperm granulomas formation. The granulomatous epididymal lesion resembled the lesion seen in auto-immune reaction following bacterial infections or tissue response to foreign bodies (16, 17,... 

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