Vomiting agents

IC50S (sneezing, and regurgitation) for inhalation of Vomiting Agents are as low as 1.2 mg/m (10 minute exposure). 

Depending on dose, the effects from exposure may be delayed from 30 seconds to several minutes and last up to several hours. Mild effects may persist for several days. 

Vomiting Agents are colorless liquids or colorless to light yellow or green solids. Odors range from non-detectable to pleasantly sweet to garlic or bitter almonds. 

Emergency Action for Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents 

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Orthochlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) is the most commonly used irritant for riot control purposes. Chloracetophenone (CN) is also used in some countries for this purpose in spite of its higher toxicity. A newer agent is dibenzoxazepine (CR) with which there is little experience. Arsenical smokes (sternutators) have in the past been used on the battlefield. Apart from their lachrymatory action they also provoke other effects, e.g., bron-choconstriction and emesis, and are some times referred to as vomiting agents. 

DM - diphenylaminochloroarsine (Adamsite), a vomiting agent. DMSO - dimethylsulfoxide. 

PS - chloropicrin, a vomiting agent, pulmonary - pertaining to the lungs. 

Predominately acts as a vomiting agent. Blistering is usually caused by contact with liquid agent. 

Williams, Kenneth E. Detailed Facts About Vomiting Agent Adamsite (DM). Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD United States Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, 1996. 

PD was designed for military use in wet environments because it can persist for several days in dry, cool, shady areas. In open terrain, PD is generally effective only as a vomiting agent. However, due to its extreme vapor density, it is highly effective in enclosed areas (particularly basements), tunnels, gullies, and caves. It is highly effective when delivered as an aerosol from an aircraft.1... 

Severe irritant Blister agent Lachrymatory agent Severe irritant Severe irritant Vomiting agent Blister agent Blister agent... 

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Blister agent Vomiting agent Lachrymatory agent... 

Suitability of NMR spectroscopy and the detection limits for the analysis of the Schedule 1-3 chemicals (16) are summarized below. Riot-control agents and vomiting agents are normally soluble in organic solvents, and are readily analyzed by NMR (11,39). 

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