Food intake rates

Less is known about the distribution for food intake rate. One study reported in the literature suggests that the mean for daily consumption by this species in this region was 5.23 g insect tissue per day, with variance of 2.3 g. The published report suggested that these statistics were based on many observations, but it did not give any of the raw data or other information about the distribution. To model the... 

There are several interesting features of the phthalate biomarker-exposure dose analyses. First, women and children have greater exposure to several phthalates than male adults. That may be due to the use of cosmetics and personal-care products in the case of women and due to higher food intake rate per body weight and exposure to plasticizers in toys in children. Data on children younger than 6 years old are not available, and this may be an important data gap. The other feature of note is that the relatively small German study found exposures to some phthalates that were 3-20 times above those found in the United States, whereas for other phthalates the exposure differential was smaller and concentrations in the United States were greater (Koch et al. 2003). That implies a different exposure pattern in different countries. 

Figure 8.6). Bennett (1983) calculated a mean PCB exposure of 24)ag/day for a US adult calculated from food concentrations and food intake rates measured in the US in the early to mid-1970s. He compared this with exposures of 5-100 pg/day estimated by WHO in 1976. About 10 years later, Davies (1988) estimated an adult PCB intake of 0.09)ag/day from a... 

Mercer, L, R, Haijazi, H., and Hidvegj, M. (1993) Weanling rats display bioperiodicity of growth and food intake rates. J- Wutr. 123,1356-1362. 

For birds and mammals, estimated theoretical environmental concentrations (ETEs) are calculated for granivorous, herbivorous, and insectivorous organisms depending on their size and different groups of crops. Seed treatments are a special item. Based on a large survey of the relevant literature, food intake rates (FIR) and expected residues on feed items (RUD) for these different groups of organisms were collected and representative numbers were fixed in the relevant... 

Daily weight gain rates (dWIdt) and daily food intake rates (dF/dt) for each experimental diet were calculated as... 

Hocking, P.M., B.O. Hughes, and S. Keer-Keer, 1997. Comparison of food intake, rate of consumption, pecking activity and behaviour in layer and broiler breeder males. Br. Poult. Sci. 38, 237-240. 

RAMIREZ I (1992) Does reducing the rate or efficiency of digestion reduce food intake Am J physiol. 263(4 Pt 2) R852-6. 

Energy metabolism by regulating food intake, digestion, and metabolic rate... 

For highly permeable, poorly soluble drugs given in lower doses, the dissolution rate rather than the saturation solubility is the limiting factor. An increase in dissolution rate due to in vivo solubilization mediated by food intake could theoretically be obtained, but this situation is not always found in vivo. For example, food does not affect the rate and extent of bioavailability for candesartan cilexitil, a very poorly soluble compound [78], An in vitro dissolution and solubility study of this compound in simulated intestinal media provided a potential explanation it was revealed that the solubility was increased as a function of bile concentration as expected, whereas the dissolution rate was not increased by the higher bile concentrations being representative for the fed state (see Fig. 21.14). Thus, although... 

Rat 80 mg/kg diet Slight reduction in growth rate and food intake mild anemia after 90 days 9... 

Weanlings fed diet containing 1000 mg Zn/kg feed for 30 days Decreased growth rate and food intake, arthritis, lameness, and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. 13... 

L. macrochirus 48 Food intake normal but growth rate declined 26% food conversion normal after 22 days in untreated water 61, 62, 69... 

L. macrochirus 173 No deaths. Food intake declined 29% and growth rate declined 75% 61,62, 69... 

Reduced food intake and efficiency of food use, altered iron metabolism, clinical signs of copper deficiency. Onset of puberty delayed 10 weeks, decreased conception rate (fertility 12-33% vs. 57-80% in controls), disrupted estrus cycle (67% were anestrus vs. 7% in controls), and other signs consistent with decreased releases of luteinizing hormones associated with altered ovarian secretion (3, 4) Growth and fertilization normal liver copper 10 mg/kg DW only 16% of embryos developed normally (2)... 

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