Foaming and detergency

Gleaners. Properties, such as foaming and detergency (qv), make alkanolamines useflil in cleaning formulations. Monoetbanolamine is particularly effective in wax removal formulations because of its ability to penetrate films. Cleanets that involve skin contact use triethanolamine because of its mildness. Derivatives of the amines (49,50) as well as the free alkan olamines (51—53), may be formulated into cleaning products. 

The DATs present in LAB will readily sulfonate to form dialkyltetralin-sulfonate or DATS. The foam and detergency performance properties of individual C DATS homologs are very similar to that of the corresponding C j LAS homologs [21]. Thus, even at a level of 10% DATS in the LAB, no decrease in foam or detergency performance is observed. In some liquid formulations, the presence of DATS can provide a beneficial hydrotropic effect to LAS [22]. Figure 8 illustrates that DATS are indeed surfactants, as evidenced by their surface tension vs. concentration plot. 

Even if this class covers the smallest market segment, amphoteric surfactants still remain useful because of their unique properties, which justifies their comparably high manufacturing costs. Since they have partial anionic and cationic character, they can be compatible, under specific conditions, with both anionic and cationic surfactants. They can function in acid or basic pH systems and, at their isoelectric point, they exhibit special behaviour. Many amphoteric surfactants demonstrate exceptional foaming and detergency properties combined with antistatic effects. 

Figure 2 shows isodets at high temperature, high hardness, and high concentration giving a different optimum than at the lower conditions of Figure 1. Foam and detergency profiles on different soil types with different wash temperatures can be found in the literature(4-10).

The adsorption mechanisms of surfactant at interfaces have been extensively studied in order to understand their performance in many processes such as dispersion, coating, emulsification, foaming and detergency. These interfaces are liquid-gas (foaming), liquid-liquid (emulsification) and liquid-solid (dispersion, coating and detergency). 

U.S. 4,732,704 (1988) Biermann et al. (Henkel) Fatty alkyl C12-C14 monoglucosides Enhanced foaming and detergency... 

U.S. 4,732,707 (1988) Naik etal. (Lever Brothers) Alkyl ether sulfates based on specific aliphatic carbon chain Excellent foaming and detergency... 

U.S. 5,230,835 (1993) Deguchi et al. (Kao) Alkyl polyglucoside with polymers Reduced irritation, increased foaming and detergency rinsing and feel to hands... 

Acylation. The acylation of soybean proteins with various acyl halides and anhydrides of low and high molecular weight was initially evaluated for its impact on properties of industrial value such as viscosity in dispersion, adhesion, foaming, and detergency (21, 23, 24, 38). 

Fatty acid alkanolamides are widely known as a secondary surfactant, namely as foam and detergency booster, co-emulsifier, viscosity modifier, hair and skin conditioner, corrosion inhibitor, and moderate antistatic [2, 22]. Some trade names of alkanolamides are as follows (I) Amidet A-lll Kao), Comperlan 100/LM Henkel), Empilan CME Albright Wilson), Lauridit KM Akzo Nobel), Monamid MEA Uniqema), Rewomid C/L/S/U Witco) (II) Empilan CIS/LIS Albright Wilson), Ninol M-10 Stepan), Rewomid IPE/IPL/IPP and Witcamide SPA (all of Witco)-, (III) Alkamide KD Rhodia), Aminol KDE Kao), Comperlan COD/KD/LD/ODA OD and Texamin PDl (all of Henkel), Empilan CDE/CDX/ 2502/LDE Albright Wilson), Lauridit KDG Akzo Nobel), Mackamide CS/LLM McIntyre)-, Purton CFD/SFD Zschimmer Schwarz), "Rewomid DC/ DO/F", "Rewocid DU 185 SE" and "Witcamide LDT/S" (all of Witco)-, (IV) Aminol A15 Kao). 

LAS have very good foaming and detergency properties. However, they have a tendency to leave a dry feel on skin and hair. Hence, they are not widely used in cosmetic cleansing products. They can... 

Sarcosinate surfactants have been widely used in personal wash, skin care, and hair care formulations as coactives. They are particularly useful in providing a rich, stable lather, especially in the presence of sebum. Lathers produced from other anionic and amphoteric surfactants are remarkably enhanced by the addition of sarcosinates. Maximum foaming and detergency are developed in the pH range 4-8. The adsorption of sarcosinates onto the hair results in manageability and reduced static buildup. Sarcosinate surfactants are easily... 

Heavy-duty and truck-wash cleaners, where coupling ability with foam and detergency are needed in high-electrolyte/surf-actant systems. 

Alkyl carboxylates (soaps) Excellent foam and detergency however, harsh, drying and irritating to skin Bar soaps... 

Alkyl stilfates Excellent foam and detergency in hard water however, drying and irritating to skin Liquid cleansing systems, e.g., shampoo, bubble baths, shave preparations, etc. 

Linear alkyl Outstanding foam and detergency however. Used in small amounts to... 

Uses Detergent, base surfactant, foaming agent for hair shampoos, foam baths, shower foams, liq. soaps emulsifier for emulsion polymerization Features Good foam and detergent props. 

Uses Foam and detergent booster Properties Paste 100% cone. 

Uses Produces highest flash foam and detergency for personal care prods. 

Uses Offers mildness, high foam, and detergency for mild cleansers and baby care prods. 

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