Fluid coke

Fluid Coking", developed in 1953. The reaction proceeds at atmospheric pressure, at about SOO-SSOT, in a reactor whose feed is mixed in a fluidized bed of hot coke which maintains the desired temperature. 

Influence of the type of process fluid coking", compared to delayed coking" makes a harder coke that contains less volatile matter and forms finer grains. 

Petroleum coke is an excellent fuel, and that is its main use, especially for the coke from fluid coking". There are some other markets that have to do with calcined coke electrodes for aluminum production or for all other electrolytic cells, carbons for electro-mechanical equipment, graphite, and pigments. 

Product properties Delayed coking Fluid coking... 

Cavanaugh, T.A., D.E. Blaser and R.A. Busch (1978), Fluid coking/Flexi-coking, a flexible process for upgrading heavy crudes . Japanese Petroleum Institute (JPI) Conference, Tokyo. 

The Great Canadian Oil Sands, Ltd. (GCO) (Sun Oil Co.) has been operating a plant at Eort McMurray, Alberta, Canada, since 1967. Initially, some 8050 t/d (55,000 bbl/d) of synthetic cmde oil was produced from coking (158) with the project expanding to 9220 t/d (63,000 bbl/d). Since 1978, Syncmde Canada has been producing ca 22,000 m /d (140,000 bbl) synthetic cmde oil by fluid coking from their plant at Cold Lake, Alberta, Canada (159) with expansion planned for ca 35,000 m /d (225,000 bbl/d). 

Fluid coking (Fig. 4) is a continuous process that uses the fluidized soflds technique to convert atmospheric and vacuum residua to more valuable products (12,13). The residuum is converted to coke and overhead products by being sprayed into a fluidized bed of hot, fine coke particles, which permits the coking reactions to be conducted at higher temperatures and shorter contact times than they can be in delayed coking. Moreover, these conditions result in decreased yields of coke greater quantities of more valuable Hquid product are recovered in the fluid coking process. 

Fluid coking uses two vessels a reactor and a burner coke particles are circulated between the two to transfer heat generated by burning a portion of the coke to the reactor. The reactor holds a bed of fluidized coke particles, and steam is introduced at the bottom of the reactor to fluidize the bed. 

Fig. 27. A Flexicoking unit combining fluid coking and gasification using three-bed fluidized beds.

Composition and properties Delayed coke Fluid coke... 

Utilities and industrial power plant fuel-fired boilers coal - pulverized coal - cyclone cole - stoker oil wood - bark bagasse fluid coke... 

Residuum Conversion This includes fluid coking, delayed coking, visbreaking, and residuum hydroprocessing. 

Residuum Conversion - Included here may be fluid coking, delayed... 

Fluid coking is very insensitive to poor gas-solids contacting, but has one problem not faced by cat cracking or hydroforming. If the heavy residual oil is fed too fast to the reactor, the coke particles will become wetted and stick together in large unfluidizable lumps. Correct control of feed rate is necessary to prevent this bogging. 

Reflux overhead vapor recompression, staged crude pre-heat, mechanical vacuum pumps Fluid coking to gasification, turbine power recovery train at the FCC, hydraulic turbine power recovery, membrane hydrogen purification, unit to hydrocracker recycle loop Improved catalysts (reforming), and hydraulic turbine power recovery Process management and integration... 

Operating and Maintenance Costs mechanical details must account for the peculiarities of the system fluids (coking, suspended particles, immiscible fluids, etc.) and accommodate the requirements for drainage, cleaning (chemical or mechanical), corrosion, etc., in order to keep the daily costs of operation and downtime to a minimum. 

There are two major commercial thermal cracking processes, delayed coking and fluid coking. Flexicoking is a fluid coking process in which the coke is gasified with air and steam. The resulting gas mixture partially provides process heat. 

In the fluid coking process, part of the coke produced is used to provide the process heat. Cracking reactions occur inside the heater and the fluidized-bed reactor. The fluid coke is partially formed in the heater. Hot coke slurry from the heater is recycled to the fluid reactor to provide the heat required for the cracking reactions. Fluid coke is formed by spraying the hot feed on the already-formed coke particles. Reactor temperature is about 520°C, and the conversion into coke is immediate, with... 

Fluid coking has several characteristics that make it undesirable for most petroleum coke markets. These characteristics are high sulfur content, low volatility, poor crystalline structure, and low grindability index. 

FLUID COKING A noncatalytic, thermal process for converting bitumen and coal liquids to lighter hydrocarbon fluids and gases. Developed by the Exxon Research Engineering Company and used commercially since 1954. See also FLEXICOKING. 

Flexible polyurethane foam, 19 559 Flexible printed circuits, 10 456 Flexible searches, 6 10-11 Flexible tube pumps, 21 74 Flexicoking (fluid coking), 18 651, 652 ... 

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