Residuum conversion

Residuum Conversion This includes fluid coking, delayed coking, visbreaking, and residuum hydroprocessing. 

Residuum Conversion - Included here may be fluid coking, delayed... 

In Section III, commercial residuum hydroprocessing technology is discussed to establish the role and requirements of hydroprocessing in the overall refinery residuum conversion scheme. Commercial residuum hydroprocessing catalysts and residuum hydrodesulfurization (RDS)-hydrodemetallation (HDM) technology are reviewed briefly. 

Yields and properties for high-severity desulfurization of Kuwait atmospheric tower bottoms are contained in Table XV. Residuum conversion to lighter products is apparent by the higher distillate yields relative to low-severity yields indicated in Table XIV. The LSFO product properties affected to the greatest extent with increasing severity are sulfur, viscosity, and pour point. 

The fluid coking process (Fig. 13.7) is a continuous process in which coke is also made but only enough coke is burned to satisfy the heat requirements of the reactor and the feed preheating operations. The process is also (like delayed coking) a residuum conversion process that... 

Bottom of the barrel conversion continues to be a top refining priority. Hydrocracking is expected to find an important place in residuum conversion technology. For example, the German Veba processes are modern versions of the early German hydrocracking processes adapted to residuum (43). 

Sanford, E.C. 1994. Molecular approach to understanding residuum conversion. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 33 109-117. 

Figure 2 shows a simplified flow plan for a typical conversion type refinery. The atmospheric P/S residuum can be fed to a vacuum pipestill. The vacuum tower enables the refiner to cut deeper into the crude, at the same time avoiding high temperatures (above about 750 °F) which cause thermal cracking with resultant deposition of coke and tarry residues in the equipment. 

Faced with the need of obtaining more transportation fuels from a barrel of crude, Ashland developed the Reduced Crude Conversion Process (RCC ). To support this development, a residuum or reduced crude cracking catalyst was developed and over 1,000 tons were produced and employed in commercial operation. The catalyst possessed a large pore volume, dual pore structure, an Ultrastable Y zeolite with an acidic matrix equal in acidity to the acidity of the zeolite, and was partially treated with rare earth to enhance cracking activity and to resist vanadium poisoning. 

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