Heavy oils upgrading

Both hydrogen addition and carbon rejection processes will be necessary in any realistic scheme of heavy oil upgrading (Suchanek and Moore, 1986). Most coker products require hydrogenation and most hydrotreated products require some degree of fractionation. For example, to maximize yields of transport fuels from Maya crude, efficient carbon rejection followed by hydrogenation may be necessary. There are various other approaches to the processing of other heavy oil residua (Bakshi and Lutz, 1987 Johnson et al., 1985). As of now, it is not known which combination of processes best converts a heavy feedstock into salable products. 

Bishop, W. 1990. Proceedings. Symposium on Heavy Oil Upgrading to Refining. Canadian Society for Chemical Engineers, p. 14. 

Oil/fuel industry > Hydrogen addition to heavy oils > Upgrading of bitumen from oil sands > Producing synthetic gas from coal... 

Ultra heavy oil upgrading ch15 Heat (Steam) Hydrogen SCO (CH2) Gasoline diesel oil, etc. Canada, S. Africa, US, Japan Upgrading from bitumen from oil sands... 

Bousquet, J. Devanneaux, J. Peries, J.P. ASVAHL Hydrocatalytic Process for Heavy Oil Upgrading presented at 3rd International Conference on Heavy Crude and Tarsands Long Beach, California July 22-31,1985... 

Yang, Guanghua. Overview paper presented to International Symposium on Heavy Oil Upgrading and Utilization. May 5-8, International Academic Publisher, Fushun, China, 1991. 

H. Fukuyama, T. Satoshi, U. Masayuki, J. Cano and J. Ancheyta. Active carbon catalyst for heavy oil upgrading. Catalysis Today, 98, 207-215 (2004). 

The EUREKA process is a commercially proven thermal craeking process of semi-batch reactors system to produce valuable cracked oil and aromatic petroleum pitch from heavy residual material. The first unit was built in Sodegaura Refinery of Fuji Oil, Japan in 1975. The second unit was built in Nanjing, P. R. China in 1988. Both the units are now operated effectively for heavy oil upgrading. 

Zaikin, Y.A. and Zaikina, R.F. 2008b. PetroBeam process for heavy oil upgrading, in Proceedings of the World Heavy Oil Congress, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Mareh 10-12, 2008. Paper 2008-461. American Nuclear Society. 

The reactor model of the heavy oil upgrading process was developed and fitted on the basis of two sets of detailed bench-scale experiments. The first experimental program was designed to collect reaction kinetic data at various operating conditions, whereas the second program served to obtain information about catalyst deactivation. A description of each set of experiments is given later. 

Figure 13.23 IMP heavy oil upgrading process. (Source Adapted from [16].)...

Scheuerman GL, Johnson DR, Reynolds BE, Bachtel RW, Threlkel RS. Advances in Chevron RDS technology for heavy oil upgrading flexibility. Fuel Process. Tedmol. 1993 35 39-54. 

Whatever the reaction mechanism, it has been demonstrated in heavy oil upgrading that the conversion to lighter products is mainly thermally driven, whether or not the reaction is carried out in the presence of hydrogen and/or a metal catalyst. 

Rahimi, P. Dettman, H. Nowlan, V. DelBianco, A. Molecular transformation during heavy oil upgrading. Prep. Div. Pet. Chem., American Chemical Society, National Meeting, San Francisco, CA, April 13-17,1997 23-26. 

Wallace, P.S. Anderson, M.K. Rodarte, A.I. Preston, W.E., Heavy Oil Upgrading by the Separation and Gasification of Asphaltenes, Presented at the 1998 Gasification Technologies Conference in San Francisco, CA., 1-11, October 1998. 

Experiments are being carried out, in parallel, utilizing the pilot plant, capable of operating up to temperatures around 900 C. Preliminary experiments have shown that a very stable and controllable operation can be easily achieved at high temperatures. The pilot plant is being utilized for Alberta heavy oil upgrading under contract with Colt Engineering Co. and Canmet. 

Elf, IFP and Total formed the ASVAHL association for heavy oil upgrading in early 1980 with the objective of developing processes for residue conversion. Several schemes and processes were experimented at a 20,000 t/year scale. Among these processes [Le Page et al, 1990 Billon et al, 1991 Euzen, 1991], a dual fixed bed version (HYVAHL) and a countercurrent moving bed system have been developed (see Figure 4). 

Reynolds,B.E., Johnson,D.R., Lasher,J.S. and Hung,C., (1989), Heavy Oil Upgrading for the Future the New Chevron Hydrotreating Process Increases Flexibility . Paper presented at the NPRA Meeting, San Francisco, March 19-21, 1989. 

Liu X (2015) In-situ heavy oil upgrading with molybdenum carbide nanoparticles a multiscale modeling approach. Ph.D. thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary... 

S. R. Stoyanov, S. Gusarov, S. M. Kuznicki and A. Kovalenko. Theoretical modehng of zeolite nanoparticle surface acidity for heavy oil upgrading. J. Phys. Chem. C112,2008, 6794-6810. 

HTI. 2011. Headwaters incorporated announces successful commercial implementation of the HCAT heavy oil upgrading technology at the Neste Oil Porvoo Refinery. Headwaters Incorporated News Bulletin, January, 1 1. 

McGehee, J. 2006. Solvent deasphalting in today s deep conversion refinery R D— Heavy oil upgrading. In AIChE-Chicago Symposium, Chicago, IL, October 2. 

Rispoli, G. 2009. Heavy oil upgrading. In GE Oil Gas Annual Meeting, Florence, Italy, January 26-27. 

Vartivarian, D., Andrawis, H. 2006. Delayed coking schemes are most economical for heavy-oil upgrading. Oil Gas J. 104(6) 52-56. 

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