Flow injection analysis schematic diagram

Another interesting development, in which continuous flow was combined with discrete sample titration, is continuous flow titration by means of flow injection analysis (FIA) according to Ruzicka and co-workers70. Fig. 5.16 shows a schematic diagram of flow injection titration, where P is a peristaltic pump, S the sample injected into the carrier stream of diluent (flow-rate fA), G a gradient chamber of volume V, R the coil into which the titrant is pumped (flow-rate fB), D the detector and W waste. 

Figure 19-10 Schematic diagrams of flow Injection analysis, showing two different reagent addition schemes.

Figure 9.8 Schematic diagram of the instrumentation for flow injection analysis.

Flow-injection methods Flow-injection techniques have been developed and studied for the determination of free chlorine in industrial formulations and water samples. Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of a flow-injection analysis (FIA) assembly that employs a gas-permeable membrane (0.5 pm Fluoropore, Milli-pore) as a gas diffusion unit to separate dissolved chlorine from other potential matrix interferents. 

FIGURE 1.5 Schematic diagram of flow injection analysis (FIA) system with immunoassay detection RIANA (abbreviation from River ANAlyser ) based on total internal reflection fluorescence with immobilized fluorescently labeled antibodies. The source of the excitation light is a He-Ne laser, and the collected fluorescent light is filtered and detected by photodiodes (PD). (Adapted from Rodriguez-Mozaz, S. et al. 2004. Biosens. Bioelectron. 19 633-640.)... 

FIGURE 1.9 (a) Schematic manifold of sequential injection analysis (SIA) system. R— reagents, RC—reaction coil. (Adapted from Ruzicka, J., 2009, Tutorial on Flow Injection Analysis (4th ed.). From Beaker to Microfluidics, www.flowinjection.com.) (b) Schematic diagram of multisyringe flow injection analysis (MSFIA) system with commutated manifold developed for determination of uranium. V—commutation valves, T—confluence junction, LED—light emitting diode. (Adapted from Albertus, F. et al. 1999. Analyst 124 1373-1381.)... 

FIGURE 1,10 Schematic diagram of the hybrid flow-through microcolumn extraction/ multisyringe flow injection analysis (MSFIA) system for fractionation and online determination of orthophosphate. SP—syringe pump, MSP—multisyringe pump, SV— selection valve, V—solenoid valves, KR—knotted reactors, D—detector. (Adapted from Buanuam,]. et al. 2007. Talanta 71 1710-1719.)... 

Figure 14.4 Schematic diagram of the cliromatographic system used for the analysis of very low concentrations of sulfur compounds in ethene and propene CP, pressure regulator CF, flow regulator SL, sanrple loop R, restriction to replace column 2 VI, injection valve V2, tliree-way valve to direct the effluent of column 1 to either column 2 or the restriction column 1, non-polar- capillary column column 2, tliick-film capillary column SCD, sulfur chemiluminescence detector FID, flanre-ionization detector.

A schematic diagram of the automatic system is shown in Fig. 4.7a. The sample -to-gas-chromatograph interface and requirements for the injection of a hquid mixture onto a gas chromatographic column from a flowing stream present the greatest problem, in contrast to sample transfer and dilution techniques in automatic analysis, which are well documented. 

As indicated in the schematic diagram in Fig. 1, AOD was mixed with HRP, 4-aminophenazone, and phenol in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) solution, and the colored reaction occurred with the mixture flowing through a 100-cm-long coil. All tubes used had a 0.8-mm id and the 25-cm injection valve loop permitted injection of 0.185 mL of enzymes-reagents solution per analysis. After each analysis, the solution produced containing the enzymes was directed to waste. 

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