Flavour and fragrance market

Estimation of the volume of renewable resources involved in the flavour industry is very difficult. It is assumed that the total flavour and fragrance market... 

The Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of delfone (2-pentylcyclopentan-l-one) to 5-decalactone (6-pentyloxan-2-one) finds applications in flavour and fragrance markets. The reaction is known to proceed with retention of configuration with peracetic acid, while producing acetic acid as a byproduct. An environmentally friendly alternative has been reported using Sn-Beta catalyst. The 8-decalactone was obtained in 86% yield when the... 

In the case of chiral molecules that are biologically active the desired activity almost always resides in only one of the enantiomers. The other enantiomer constitutes isomeric ballast that does not contribute towards the desired activity and may even exhibit unwanted side effects. Hence, there is a marked trend in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and flavours and fragrances towards the marketing of products as enantiomerically pure compounds. This, in turn, has generated a demand for economical methods for the synthesis of pure enantiomers (Sheldon, 1993a). 

In 2001 it was estimated that the world merchant market for catalysts was worth ca. US 25 billion, divided roughly equally between refining, petrochemicals, polymers, environmental (20-25% each) and with about 11% being used in fine chemicals. Refining is about the production of fuels (Chapter 3, Box 2), petrochemicals cover many of the basic commodity chemicals and the monomers required for the polymer industries fine chemicals include pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, as well as flavours and fragrances and environmental is about exhaust gas and waste product clean-up. Vehicle catalytic converters use catalysts, as does the production of the main tonnage polymers polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene terephthalate. 

From this starting point, the flavour and fragrance industry first developed in Europe, expanded to the USA and later reached an international scope. Today Western European companies have reconquered the leadership position in this market, which, after the 2 World War, was held by American companies. 

Generally, the dynamics of the flavour and fragrance industry mirror the trend of many industrial sectors the most important representatives of a large number of nationally oriented companies have through mergers, acquisitions and market expansion developed into globally operating multinational enterprises. As a result of this... 

Also, today analysts estimate the market share of the Top Ten flavour houses at approximately 65% of the entire world market. The preceding decade, often described as the Age of Acquisitions , has for the Top Ten of the flavour and fragrance industry resulted in the current market shares depicted in Fig. 1.2. 

Fig. 1.4 Market share of the individual sectors of the flavour and fragrance industry (2002, estimated by Freedonia Group, C EN estimates)...

Potential for growth and new perspectives are, therefore, for the flavour and fragrance industry mainly a question of imagination and ingenuity, market observation and skilful marketing. Opportunities abound. 

Within the scope of this book, this glimpse at the dynamic network between the flavour and fragrance industry and the sophisticated consumer of the 2U century illustrates the interesting perspectives for the future of the business with taste. Increasing client demands on flexibility and service will be countered by the flavour industry with improved customer support and by providing complete solutions ranging from concept-to-market to creating brands . 

These effects can be utilized for many industrial purposes. For example benzaldehyde is a liquid compound, which very rapidly oxidized to benzoic acid by atmospheric oxygen. The (JCD-benzaldehyde complex can be stored even in pure oxygen atmosphere, without significant oxidation. Volatile liquids become stable, also. This is the base of the stabilization of flavours and fragrances by CD-complexation. Upon contact with water, these complexes immediately begin to dissociate, i.e. the entrapped substances will be released rapidly. Such products are marketed already in several countries. 

Survey on flavouring substances currently marketed or used in Japan (summary), March 2001. flavor Committee, Japan Flavor and Fragrance Materials Association Discussion paper on the development of a Codex Guideline that establishes safe conditions of use for flavourings in foods with a reference to the evaluations completed by JECFA (2005). Codex Alimentarius Commission, Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, Rome... 

Many industries are involved such as forestry, agriculture, chemical, food, flavour, beverage, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and fragrance. The plant raw materials are roots, rhizomes, bulbs, leaves, stems, barks, wood, flowers, fruits and seeds. These yield gums, resins, essential (volatile) oils, fixed oils, waxes, juices, extracts and spices for medicinal and aromatic purposes. All these commodities are traded world-wide. A dealer s market report for an item may say Drought in the country of origin has forced up prices . 

Phenylethanol has a rose-like odour and makes the chemically produced compound the most used fragrance chemical in perfume and cosmetics, with a world market of about 7,000 t year [107, 108]. 2-Phenylethanol is also found in many foods as a characteristic flavour compound rounding off the overall aroma, especially in foods obtained by fermentation, such as wine, beer, cheese, tea leaves, cocoa, coffee, bread, cider and soy sauce [109]. In food applications, natural 2-phenylethanol is preferred rather than its nature-identical counterpart from chemical synthesis and it has a market volume of 0.5-11 year . This product is sold at market prices of up to US 1,000 per kiklogram and is mainly produced by yeast-based bioprocesses since its isolation from natural sources, e.g. rose oil, would be too costly [109]. 

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