Flammable liquid preparations

According to regulatory definitions, flammable liquids and combustible liquids are those which can undergo combustion under conditions incident to transportation. A flammable liquid preparation is any liquid mixture or compound readied for some kind of use, possibly medicinal, that remains flammable. A material s tendency to be flammable is characterized using the following factors ... 

With liquids, dangers frequently arise from easily volatilised and readily flammable liquids. In all cases precautions should be greater than under normal circumstances due to the unpredictable nature and conditions of taking samples. The sampler must always be prepared for the unexpected, as can arise, for example, if a container has built up excess pressure, or if the wrong liquid has been packed. Toxic and unknown liquids should never be sucked along tubes or into pipettes by mouth. 

Hydrogen cyanide (Table 15.1) is a colorless, flammable liquid or gas that boils at 25.7°C and freezes at minus 13.2°C. The gas rarely occurs in nature, is lighter than air, and diffuses rapidly. It is usually prepared commercially from ammonia and methane at elevated temperatures with a platinum catalyst. It is miscible with water and alcohol, but is only slightly soluble in ether. In water, HCN is a weak acid with the ratio of HCN to CN about 100 at pH 7.2, 10 at pH 8.2, and 1 at pH 9.2. HCN can dissociate into H+ and CN. Cyanide ion, or free cyanide ion, refers to the anion CN derived from hydrocyanic acid in solution, in equilibrium with simple or complexed cyanide molecules. Cyanide ions resemble halide ions in several ways and are sometimes referred to as pseudohalide ions. For example, silver cyanide is almost insoluble in water, as are silver halides. Cyanide ions also form stable complexes with many metals. 

Ethyl acetate is a clear, volatile, and flammable liquid with a pleasant, fruity odor. It has a pleasant taste when diluted. Ethyl acetate slowly decomposes by moisture, so it should be kept in air-tight bottles and in a cool dry place. It has a boiling point of 77 Celsius, and a melting point of-83 Celsius. Ethyl acetate is moderately soluble in water (1 milliliter in 10 milliliters of water), but is miscible with alcohol, acetone, chloroform, and ether. It forms a azeotropic mixture with water (6% by weight with a boiling point of 70 Celsius). Ethyl acetate can be prepared by distilling a mixture of ethanol and acetic acid in the presence of a few drops of sulfuric acid. Ethyl acetate is a valuable solvent for many chemical reactions. 

Carbon tetrachloride is colorless, heavy, non-flammable liquid with a characteristic odor. It has a boiling point of 78 Celsius, and a melting point of -23 Celsius. Carbon tetrachloride is insoluble in water, but miscible with alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether, and carbon disulfide. Carbon tetrachloride is a potential poison, and inhalation, ingestion, and skin absorption should be avoided at all cost. Carbon tetrachloride may be a carcinogen. It is prepared on an industrial scale by the chlorination of methane, but can be conveniently prepared by reacting chlorine with carbon disulfide in the presence of iron fillings the carbon tetrachloride is recovered by distillation. 

Ethyl chloroformate is a corrosive, flammable liquid with a boiling point of 95 Celsius. It is practically insoluble in water, but slowly decomposed by it. Ethyl chloroformate is miscible with alcohol, benzene, chloroform, and ether. It can be prepared by reacting phosgene with ethyl alcohol. Ethyl chloroformate is commercially available. 

Flammable Liquid, Corrosive SAFETY PROFILE Poison by inhalation. Moderately toxic by ingestion. A human systemic irritant by inhalation. Violent hydrolysis reaction with water or steam produces heat, acetic acid, HCl, and other corrosive chlorides. May decompose during preparation. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Explosion hazard by spontaneous chemical reaction with dimethyl sulfoxide or ethanol. Also incompatible with PCI3. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of phosgene and Cl . To fight fire, use CO2 or dry chemical. See also CHLORIDES. 

Collodions are liquid preparations composed of pyroxylin (soluble gun cotton, collodion cotton) dissolved in a solvent mixture composed of alcohol (94% ethanol) and ether with or without added medicinals. Pyroxylin is obtained by the action of nitric and sulfuric acids on cotton or other ceUulosic material to produce cellulose tetranitrate. Pyroxylin is completely soluble in 25 parts of a mixture of 3 volumes of ether and 1 volume of alcohol. It is extremely flammable and must be stored in a well-closed container away from flame, heat, and light. Collodions are intended for external use as a protective coating to the skin. When medicated, it leaves a thin layer of that medication firmly placed against the skin. 

Caswell No. 900 EINECS 232-350-7 EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 084501 FEMA No. 3089 Gum spirits of turpentine Gum turpentine HSDB 204 Oil of turpentine, rectified Oil of turpentine Oil of turpentine, distillation residue Purified gum spirits Purified turpentine Rectified turpentine Spirit of turpentine Spirits of turpentine Sulfate turpentine Terebenthine Terpentin oel Terpentine Turpentine Turpentine oil, rectified Turpentine spirits Turpentine, steam-distiiled (Pinus spp.) Turpentine steam distilled Turpentine substitute [Flammable liquid] Turpentine [Flammable liquid) UN1299 UN1300 Wood turpentine. FDA approved for inhalants, BP compliance. Used as a solvent, rubifacient, diuretic, used in inhalants, liniments and in preparations for respiratory tract disorders. Colorless liquid insoluble in H2O d = 0.860 - 0.875. TLV = 100 ppm in air. Spectrum Chem. Manufacturing. 

Isopropyl alcohol (EYE-so-PRO-pil AL-ko-hol) is a colorless flammable liquid with a sweet odor. In 2004, about 600 million kilograms (about 1.3 billion pounds) of isopropyl alcohol were produced in the United States, with about half of that used as an industrial solvent and about a third used in the preparation of other chemical compounds. It is perhaps best known to many people as rubbing alcohol, usually a 70 percent solution of isopropyl alcohol in water. The compound is commonly used to clean a person s skin before an injection is given. It kills bacteria on the skin and prevents infection. 

For liquid preparations which show no flash point or a flash point higher than 55 °C and contain a halogenated hydrocarbon and more than 5% flammable or highly flammable substances, the packaging must bear the following inscription as appropriate ... 

Hexamethyldisilthiane or bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfide, (Me3Si)2S, is a colourless, moisture-sensitive, flammable liquid (b.p. 160 °C) with a strong stench, ft was first prepared from trimethylsilyl chloride and silver sulfide by Eaborn in 1950 but cheaper, more convenient syntheses facilitated its commercial production. The compound has many applications in organic synthesis, e.g. reduction, sulfuration and silylation reactions and in the production of metal sulfide-based electronic devices, semiconductors, nanoparticles and quantum dots. ... 

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