Flame retardants antimony

Antimony Oxide as a Primary Flame Retardant. Antimony oxide behaves as a condensed-phase flame retardant in cellulosic materials (2). It can be appHed by impregnating a fabric with a soluble antimony salt followed by a second treatment that precipitates antimony oxide in the fibers. When the treated fabric is exposed to a flame, the oxide reacts with the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose (qv) causing them to decompose endothermically. The decomposition products, water and char, cool the flame reactions while slowing the production and volatilization of flammable decomposition products (see Flaa retardants for textiles). [Pg.455]

Inert Gas Dilution. Inert gas dilution involves the use of additives that produce large volumes of noncombustible gases when the polymer is decomposed. These gases dilute the oxygen supply to the flame or dilute the fuel concentration below the flammability limit. Metal hydroxides, metal carbonates, and some nitrogen-producing compounds function in this way as flame retardants (see Flame retardants, antimony and other inorganic compounds). [Pg.465]

It is possible to determine components in complex EPs where matrix effects can be severe. For example, zinc (as zinc borate), chlorine (as dechlorane flame retardant), antimony (as oxide) and fibre-glass have been determined in nylon using just one standard. Many users have refined the universal precalibrated programmes for standardless XRF and made them more efficient for matrix correction by using variable correction coefficients. OilQuant offers possibilities for analysing polymers [243]. Software packages usually provide ... [Pg.633]

Flame retardants Antimony trioxide with chlorinated or brominated organics, hydrated alumina... [Pg.563]

Flame retardants, 11 447-454, 459-479. See also Fire retardant entries Halogenated flame retardants Phosphorus flame retardants antimony compounds in, 3 54 brominated and chlorinated additive, 11 461-470... [Pg.362]

FLAME RETARDANTS - ANTIMONY AND OTHERINORGANIC FLAMERETARDANTS] (VollO)... [Pg.50]

To improve the fire retardancy of polypropylene, beyond the UL 94 V-2 level, it is necessary to use blends of aromatic bromine fire retardants with antimony trioxide as a synergist. The usual loading is between 35% and 40% fire retardant however, the additional cost may prohibit commercialization. Moreover, the presence of aromatic bromine increases the photooxidation of polypropylene67 69 inactivating hindered amines. To reduce the cost without losing in efficacy the combination of brominated flame-retardant/antimony trioxide system with magnesium hydroxide... [Pg.89]

There is a need for good alternatives for brominated flame retardants. Apart from other disadvantages, the heavy metal antimony is necessary for the production of brominated (or chlorinated) flame retardants. Antimony oxides, Sb205 (used in reactive flame retardants) and Sb203, are used as synergists to increase the efficiency of bromine and chlorine. Bromine and chlorine (together), and antimony oxides are used at a ratio of 1 3 [7]. [Pg.73]

Nyacol Products Inc. manufactures colloidal antimony pent-oxide and blends with halogen compounds for use as flame retardants. Antimony oxide reacts with halogen acids (HCl or HBr) to form volatile compounds that terminate combustion reactions and extinguish the flame. A variety of forms are available for many end uses. [Pg.467]

Metal hydrates such as aluminium trihydrate or magnesium hydroxide remove heat by using it to evaporate water in their structures, thus protecting polymers. Bromine or chlorine-containing fire retardants interfere with the reactions in flames and quench them. Mixtures of flame retardants antimony trioxide and organic bromine compounds are more effective at slowing the rate of burning than the individual flame retardants alone. [Pg.75]

The BREF dating from before entering into force of the lED for textile finishing is included in the Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Textile Industry (July 2003) a new BREF for the textile industry is planned for 2015-2016. In Flanders the BAT dating from 2010 aims specifically at reducing the emissions of a number of micropollutants from the wastewater (brominated flame retardants, antimony trioxide, fluorosurfactants, nonylphenols and nonylphenolethoxylates, and PAHs). [Pg.28]

Avento, J. M. and Touval, I. Flame retardants (Antimony). In Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Vol. 10. 3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York 1980, p. 355-372 Fire Shield Fire Retardants. Product sheets of Laurel Industries. Arrived in 1985 Shen, K. K. and Sprague, R. W. Zinc borate as a flame retardant and smoke suppressant in epoxy systems. J. Fire Retardant Chem., 9, No. 8, 161 (1982)... [Pg.411]

Certain antimony compounds function as synergistic flame retardants when used in conjunction with suitable halogenated organic compounds. When used alone the antimony compounds are essentially ineffective as flame retardants. Antimony trioxide is the most widely utilised. [Pg.21]

In its function as a flame retardant, antimony trioxide, in combination with an organic halogen compound, forms antimony trihalide and oxyhalide at flame temperatures. [Pg.21]

Flame retardant epoxy Flame retardant (antimony oxide)... [Pg.103]

Phosphorus-based flame retardants are usually more suitable for engineering plastics that undergo charring than for commodity polymers. In some plastics, such as PC-ABS or poly(phenylene oxide)-HIPS blends, phosphorus-based flame retardants are more effective then halogenated flame retardants. Antimony trioxide, which is a part of halogen-containing formulations, is a Lewis acid and may destabilize some condensation polymers. Furthermore, the impact properties of engineering polymers may suffer due to the presence of powdery antimony trioxide. [Pg.20]

Flame retardants antimony oxide, halogenated compoimds Flame retardants halogenated compounds... [Pg.982]

Flame retardants antimony oxide, phosphorus compounds, halogenated compounds, antoxidants... [Pg.993]

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