Antimony trihalides

Potassium reacts explosively with all antimony trihalides except trifluoride, as with tin halides (p.223). 

The electrolysis of antimony trihalides forms an antimide, which is considered as explosive (an analysis shows that it contains halogen). But it is not known if it is the same as the one cited in the tables of enthalpy of formation, unless the explosive antimony mentioned in the tables is formed by a method which is similar to explosive arsenic. The documentation is confusing on this point. 

Although there seems little doubt that antimony trihalides play a chemical role in inhibition of free radical chain reactions in the flame zone, a comparison... 

Antimony oxide is known as a flame retardant synergist when used in combination with halogen compounds. Volatile antimony oxyhalide (SbOX) and/or antimony trihalide (SbX3) are formed in the condensed phase and transport the halogen into the gas phase (3). It has been suggested that antimony is also a highly active radical trap (4). 

PET can be made flame retardant (FR-PET) by halogenated additives in combination with synergists such as antimony compounds (which impart no flame inhibition by themselves). During combustion, volatile antimony trihalide is formed in the condensed phase and transported to the gas phase. Failure of this flame retardant in PET compounds can occur, however, due to the formation of stable metal halides such as the following ... 

Hastie, J. W. Mass spectrometric studies of flame inhibition Analysis of antimony trihalides in flames, Combustion and Flame, 1973, 21, 49-54. 

It is now conventional to use antimony oxides, or other Sb- compounds, as synergists with halogen-contaning flame retardants. The synergistic effect of the antimony compounds is correctly attributed to the formation of volatile antimony trihalides SbXj which affect the flame reactions The more SbOj is releas into the... 

Antimony trihalides SbX3 are well known as stable compounds with X = F, Cl, Br, I. 

Figure 29.5 Vapor-phase chemistry of antimony trihalide...

Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth Table 13.7 Structural data for antimony trihalides... 

Common methods of preparation include direct combination of metallic antimony with air or oxygen, roasting of antimony trisulfide, and alkaline hydrolysis of an antimony trihalide and subsequent dehydration of the resulting hydrous oxide when heated too vigorously in air, some of the Sb(III) is converted to Sb(V). 

Halostibines, Dihalostibines, and Related Compounds. Alkyldichloro- and alkyldibromostibines are readily prepared by the alkylation of the corresponding antimony trihalide with an organolead reagent (67,104) ... 

Photoelectron spectra for the antimony trihalides and Sb, Cl, and Br n.q.r. spectra for a number of adducts of the trichloride and bromide have been reported. The complex SbCl3,GaCl3 has been isolated, whereas a simple eutectic only is observed in the SbCl3-AlCl3 system. Antimony and bismuth halide complexes with substituted l,2-dithiol-3-thiones can be obtained, and the... 

The most important method consists of treating magnesium alkyl halides with antimony trihalides. 

By using the Fittig reaction, antimony trihalides and aryl halides reacting in ether or benzene solution m the presence of sodium in the following manner ... 

By the interaction of magnesium aryl halides and antimony trihalides ... 

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