Brominated compounds, organic

The brominated organic compounds are used as either additive (e.g. decabromodiphenyl, hexabromobenzene, pentabromotoluene), or reactive flame retardants (e.g. tetrabromobisphenol-A, tri- and pentabromophenols). The major... 

Halogenated derivates brominated organic compounds are the most used, often in combination with antimony trioxide to develop a synergistic effect. However, this generates a lot of smoke and toxic fumes, which is unacceptable for many regulations and standards. 

A method was developed and tested for collecting semi- and non-volatile brominated organic compounds from air using a glass fiber filter and a high-volume air sampler. Exposed filters were extracted with acetone and the extracts analyzed by either glc/ms/comp, glc/ecd or tic. Recoveries of selected compounds from the filter material were >87%. 

The primary uses of bromine are as its silver salt, AgBr, in photographic emulsions and as a reactant for preparing brominated organic compounds. Fuel additives, pesticides, fungicides, and flame retardants are a few of the many kinds of compounds manufactured from bromine. 

The main types of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are polybromin-ated biphenyls (PBBs), PBDEs, and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). PBDEs have replaced PBBs, which are the first brominated organic compounds to be used as flame retardants and were phased out because of environmental issues, but are now being replaced by TBBPA (Renner, 2000). The global consumption of BFRs is estimated to be 203425 tons in 1999 with PBDEs accounting for 33% (Fig. 2.10). Deca-BDEs, 82% of total PBDEs, are the most widely used product. Domestic BFR consumption in South Korea in 2002 was 49050 tons, of which 25% (i.e., 12408 tons) was PBDEs with deca-BDE accounting for 12324 tons and penta- and octa-BDEs accounting for 84 tons (KMOE, 2005c). Imported amounts of each product in 2003 showed a similar distribution to the consumption estimated in 2002 (Fig. 2.10). In BFR market of Western Europe, consumption of PBDEs has declined from 26% in 1996 to 11% in 1998 (DEPA, 1999). Penta-BDEs product has been restricted for over one decade and is now banned within Europe. Furthermore, there has... 

A variety of easily brominated organic compounds, such as citric ((H00CCH2)2C(0H)C00H) and malonic (HOOC-CH2-COOH)... 

Chlorine was the first halogen to be isolated and sodium chloride, common salt, has been known from early times as being essential to the human diet as such it has been mentioned in the Bible. Aqua regia, a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acids, has been known since the thirteenth century as a liquid for dissolving the very inert metal, gold. The ancient color mentioned in the Bible as purple has been identified as a brominated organic compound, namely 6,6-dibromoindigo, which used to be extracted from a small snail. 

PBBs and PBDEs belong to a group of brominated organic compounds which are used as flame retardants. Flame retardants are valued for their ability to inhibit combustion in plastics, textiles, electric, and other materials. There are different groups of flame retardants inorganic and organic chemicals. Usually they are divided into reactive and additive flame retardants. 

Walsh, G.E., M.J. Yoder, L.L. McLaughlin, and E.M. Lores. 1987. Responses of marine unicellular algae to brominated organic compounds in six growth media. Ec-... 

Br" is regenerated in the reaction of oxidation of brominated organic compounds by Ce4+. For example, summation of equations (RIO) + + (R11) + (R1) yields the process... 

These restrictions have presented some problems but also opportunities for adhesives manufacturers. A key problem has been finding or developing flame retardants to replace the brominated organic compounds that have been used successfully for many years. On the other hand, the restrictions on the use of lead in... 

In hindsight, this is remarkable in several respects. For one, purple stands out as one of the first known examples of natural brominated organic compounds. For another, the substitution pattern is unusual bromination of indigo in nitrobenzene gives 5,5 -, not 6,6 -dibromoindigo. 

Fire Shield FSPP-205 PPG PP cone, containing brominated organic compound and Sb O — PP... 

In this manner a number of different brominated organic compounds are "f4... 

Brominated flame retardants are widely used as polymer additives in plastics, electric appliances, and textile and polyurethane foams. Some of the technical flame retardant products contain brominated organic compounds, including polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. These compounds are structurally similar to PCBs and, therefore, their chemical properties, persistence, bioaccumulation, and distribution in the environment follow similar patterns. Moreover, they have potential endocrine disrupting properties and there are concerns over their exposure health effects. 

Bromine is used in the production of silver bromide for light-sensitive eyeglasses and photographic film in the production of sodium bromide, a mild sedative in methyl bromide, CH3Br, a soil fumigant that contributes to the destruction of the ozone layer and in brominated organic compounds that are used as flame retardants. 

The first on-line GC-MC-ICP-MS measurement of brominated organic compounds was reported by Sylva et al. [22]. They demonstrated that after optimization of this hyphenation, the background signals, the formation of hydrated Ar dimers (38Ar40AriH+ and " °Ar" °Ar H ), and the solvent peak did not affect the results. 

Cosmetics, sunscreens, ultraviolet filters Refractory brominated organic compounds Complexing agents and anticorrosive additives Widely manufactured cyclic ether Organosilicon compounds with many uses Commonly released in the processing of oil sands... 

Chlorinated and brominated organic compounds that come from natural sources are... 

Bromine is used to make brominated organic compounds. Some of these are used as fire retardants and pesticides. Others are used extensively as dyes and pharmaceuticals. An important inorganic bromine compound is AgBr, the primary light-sensitive agent used in photographic film. 

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