Synergistic flame retardancy

Synergistic flame retardants such as a mixture of antimony trioxide and an organic bromo compound are more effective that single flame retardants. Thus, mixtures are often employed to protect materials and people. 

Fu, M. and Baojun, Q., Synergistic flame retardant mechanism of fumed silica in ethylene-vinyl acetate/ magnesium hydroxide blends, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2004, 85, 633. 

Unsaturated polyester Antimony oxide Synergistic flame retardant [37]... 

Various workers have discussed the fire retardancy of polyvinylchloride (PVC) [55-59] using ammonium treated clay montmorillonite nanocomposites [52], hydroxyapatite nanocomposites [56] and antimony trioxide [57]. Lum [60] examined the effect of flame retardant additives on polymer pyrolysis reactions with a PVC composition containing 3 phr of SbiOs. It is well known that a synergistic flame retardancy effect is observed when SbiOs is incorporated into organic halide materials such as PVC. 

Certain antimony compounds function as synergistic flame retardants when used in conjunction with suitable halogenated organic compounds. When used alone the antimony compounds are essentially ineffective as flame retardants. Antimony trioxide is the most widely utilised. 

Nanoclays, in addition to their primary function as high aspect ratio reinforcement, also have important additional functions such as thermal and barrier properties and synergistic flame retardancy. Some of the factors responsible for good performance in nanocomposites are as follows ... 

Synergistic flame retardancy Nanocomposites have been demonstrated to reduce flammability, particularly through lowering peak heat release in cone calorimeter experiments. In combination with conventional flame retardants such as magnesium hydroxide or aluminum trihydrate, several polyolefin-based wire and cable products have been developed that incorporate 5% nanoday to reduce the use of conventional fire retardant agents and to improve physical properties [14, 15]. 

Chelates as synergistic Flame Retardants for Flexible PVC. J. Vinyl Addit. Technol, 11, 70. 

L. Liu, J. Hu, J. Zhuo, C. Jiao, X. Chen, S. Li, Synergistic flame retardant effects between hollow glass microspheres and magnesium hydroxide in ethylene-vinyl acetate composites, Polymer Degradation and Stability, ISSN 0141-3910 104 (June 2014) 87-94. http // dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.03.019. 

Zinc Sulfide [1314-98-3]. This stable white pigment shows synergistic flame-retardant action in PVC and can be partially substituted for antimony oxide. It can enhance other flame retardants in nylons and nylon blends (18). 

Dbring Manfred, Ciesielski Michael, and Heinzmann Christian. Synergistic flame retardant mixtures in epoxy resins. In Fire and Polymers VI New Advances in Flame Retardant Chemistry and Science, Morgan Alexander B., Wilkie Charles A., Nelson Gordon L. (eds.), pp. 295-310. Washington ACS, 2012. 

Zhang Wenchao, Li Xiangmei, Fan Haibo, and Yang Rongjie. Study on mechanism of phosphorus-silicon synergistic flame retardancy on epoxy resins. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 97 no. 11 (2012) 2241-2248. 

Z. Chang, F. Guo, J. Chen, J. Yu, and G. Wang, Synergistic flame retardant effects of nanokaolin and nano-HAO on LDPE/EPDM composites. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 92 (2007), 1204-12. 

Touval, 1. (1996) Antimony flame retarder synergists. Flame Retardants 101, Baltimore, 24-27/3/1996, Fire Retardant Chemicals Association. 

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