Flame ionization detection aromatic hydrocarbons

Reference methods for criteria (19) and hazardous (20) poUutants estabHshed by the US EPA include sulfur dioxide [7446-09-5] by the West-Gaeke method carbon monoxide [630-08-0] by nondispersive infrared analysis ozone [10028-15-6] and nitrogen dioxide [10102-44-0] by chemiluminescence (qv) and hydrocarbons by gas chromatography coupled with flame-ionization detection. Gas chromatography coupled with a suitable detector can also be used to measure ambient concentrations of vinyl chloride monomer [75-01-4], halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatics, and polyacrylonitrile [25014-41-9] (21-22) (see Chromatography Trace and residue analysis). 

Hydrocarbon Anomalies in Soils Soil samples were collected at 200 to 500 m intervals over the Lisbon and Lightning Draw fields and analyzed for thermally desorbed Ci to C12 alkanes by Flame Ionization Detection Gas Chromatography (GC-FID) and solvent-extractable Ce to C36 aromatics by UV-fluorescence spectrophotometry. 

As seen in Chapter 9.C.2, a very wide variety of organics are found in particles in ambient air and in laboratory model systems. The most common means of identification and measurement of these species is mass spectrometiy (MS), combined with either thermal separation or solvent extraction and gas chromatographic separation combined with mass spectrometry and/or flame ionization detection. For larger, low-volatility organics, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is used, combined with various detectors such as absorption, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry. For applications of HPLC to the separation, detection, and measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, see Wingen et al. (1998) and references therein. 

Nutmagul W, Cronn DR. 1985. Determination of selected atmospheric aromatic hydrocarbons at remote continental and oceanic locations using photoionization/flame-ionization detection. J Atmos Chem 2 415-433. 

AED = atomic emission detection FI = fluorescence FID = flame ionization detection GC = gas chromatography FIMW= high molecular weight FIPLC = high-performance liquid chromatography LMW= low molecular weight MS = mass spectrometry PAFI = polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon UV = ultraviolet... 

An experimental study has been carried out with peat samples from the forest area of Brunei Darussalam. We should note here that the measurement of emission products requires comprehensive analytical equipment. Hydrocarbons (C1-C4) are determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC/FID), CO2 and O2 are analyzed by gas chromatography with thermal conductivity detection (GC/TCD), and CO, by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC/ECD). Aldehydes and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are determined by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). 

As the reaction temperature is increased, chemiluminescence is observed in the reactions of ozone with aromatic hydrocarbons and even alkanes. Variation of temperature has been used to control the selectivity in a gas chromatography (GC) detector [35], At room temperature, only olefins are detected at a temperature of 150°C, aromatic compounds begin to exhibit a chemiluminescent response and at 250°C alkanes respond, giving the detector a nearly universal response similar to a flame ionization detector (FID). The mechanisms of these reactions are complex and unknown. However, it seems likely that oxygen atoms produced in the thermal decomposition of ozone may play a significant role, as may surface reactions with 03 and O atoms. 

The aromatic hydrocarbon content of diesel fuel affects the cetane number and exhaust emissions. One test method (ASTM D-5186) is applicable to diesel fuel and is unaffected by fuel coloration. Aromatics concentration in the range 1-75 mass% and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the range 0.5-50 mass% can be determined by this test method. In the method, a small aliquot of the fuel sample is injected onto a packed silica adsorption column and eluted with supercritical carbon dioxide mobile phase. Mono- and polynuclear aromatics in the sample are separated from nonaromatics and detected with a flame ionization detector. The detector response to hydrocarbons is recorded throughout the analysis time. The chromatographic areas corresponding to the mononuclear aromatic constituents, polynuclear aromatic constituents, and nonaromatic constituents are determined, and the mass-percent content of each of these groups is calculated by area normalization. 

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