Mass spectrometiy

G. S. Rule, A. V. Moi dehai and J. Henion, Determination of carbofuran by on-line immunoaffinity cliromatography with coupled-column liquid chromatography/mass spectrometiy . Aim/. Chem. 66 230-235 (1994). 

I. Fener, V. Pichon, M-C. Hennion and D. Barcelo, Automated sample preparation with exti action columns by means of anti-isoproturon immunosorbents foi the determination of phenylurea herbicides in water followed by liquid chi omatography-diode aixay detection and liquid cliromatogi aphy-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometiy , 7. Chromatogr. 777 91-98 (1997). 

P. O. Edlund, E. Bowers and J. Henion, Detemination of methandrostenolone and its metabolites in equine plasma and urine by coupled-column liquid cliromatography with ulti aviolet detection and confimation by tandem mass spectrometiy , 7. Chromatogr. 487 341-356(1989). 

M. Jemal, D. Teitz, Z. Ouyang and S. Khan, Comparison of plasma sample purification by manual liquid-liquid exti action, automated 96-well liquid-liquid extraction and automated 96-well solid-phase exti action for analysis by high-perfoimance liquid cliro-matography with tandem mass spectrometiy , 7. Chromatogr. B732 501-508 (1999). 

M. Heil, E. Podehrad, T. Beck, A. Mosandl, A. C. Sewell and H. Bohles, Enantioselective multidimensional gas clnomatography-mass spectrometiy in the analysis of urinary organic acids , 7. Chromatogr. 714 119-126 (1998). 

A. Glausch, J. Hahn and V. Schurig, Enantioselective determination of chiral 2,2, 3,3, 4,6-hexachlorohiphenyl (PCB 132), in human milk samples by multidimensional gas clnomatography/electi on capture detection and by mass spectrometiy , Chemosphere 30 2079-2085 (1995). 

Chapter 12, Structure Determination Mass Spectrometiy and Infrared Spectroscopy—A new Section 12.4 discusses mass spectrometry of biological molecules, focusing on time-of-flight instruments and soft ionization methods such as MAI.DI. 

Edwards RL, Cheng H, Murrell MT, Goldstein SJ (1997) Protactinium-231 dating of carbonates by thermal ionization mass spectrometiy imphcations for Quaternary climate change. Science 276 782-785... 

Choi MS, Francois R, Sims K, Bacon MP, Brown-Leger S, Fleer AP, Ball L, Schneider D, Pichat S (2001) Rapid determination of °Th and Pa in seawater by desolved micro-nebulization Inductively Coupled Plasma magnetic sector mass spectrometiy. Mar Chem 76 99-112... 

Vanhaecke F, Van Holderbeke M, Moens L, Dams R (1996) Evaluation of a conunercially available microconcentric nebulizer for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometiy. J Anal At Spectrom 11 543-548... 

Volpe AM, Olivares JA, Murrell MT (1991) Determination of radium isotope ratios and abundances in geologic samples by thermal ionization mass spectrometiy. Anal Chem 63 913-916... 

Zhu ZR, Wyrwoll KH, Chen L, Chen J, Wasserburg GJ, Eisenhauer A (1993) High-precision U-series dating of Last Interglacial events by mass spectrometiy Houtman Abrolhos Islands, western Australia. Earth Planet Sci Lett 118 281-293... 

Compater-Controiled High-Resolntioii Mass Spectrometiy... 

EPA. 1994a. Method 8270B. Semivolatile organic compounds by gas chromatography/mass spectrometiy (GC/MS) Capillary column technique. Test methods for evaluating solid waste. Volmne IB Laboratory manual physical/chemicals methods. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. 

Korfmacher, W. Using Mass Spectrometiy for Drug Metabolism Studies, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2005, 370 pp. 

Gr0nneberg, T. 0. (1978-79). Analysis of a wax ester fraction from anal gland secretion of beaver [Castorfiber) by chemical ionization mass spectrometiy. Chemical Scripta 13, 56-58. 

Harada, K. Nagai, H. Kimura, Y. Suzuki, M. Park, H.-D. et al. (1993) Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometiy detection of anatoxin-a, a neurotoxin from cyanobacteria. Tetrahedron, 49, 9251-60. 

Mass spectrometiy. Several instruments based on chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) have been developed and applied to ambient air (Huey et al., 1998 Mauldin et al., 1998). Figure 11.32 shows two such instruments that have undergone an informal intercomparison study between themselves and a filter pack (nylon) method (Fehsenfeld et al., 1998). 

As seen in Chapter 9.C.2, a very wide variety of organics are found in particles in ambient air and in laboratory model systems. The most common means of identification and measurement of these species is mass spectrometiy (MS), combined with either thermal separation or solvent extraction and gas chromatographic separation combined with mass spectrometry and/or flame ionization detection. For larger, low-volatility organics, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is used, combined with various detectors such as absorption, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry. For applications of HPLC to the separation, detection, and measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, see Wingen et al. (1998) and references therein. 

Elemental analysis by mass spectrometiy was performed using a Perkin-Elmer Sciex ELAN 6000 Inductively Coupled Plasma—Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) and a ThermoFinnigan Element 2 Inductively Coupled Plasma Sector Field Mass Spectrometer. The iron oxide colored fibers (Table III, 16, 17) were weighed into the following aliquots (1) 1 mg rabbit hair (RH), (2) 5 mg RH, (3) 1 mg of milkweed (MW), (4) 5 mg MW and (5) a mixture of 2.5 mg RH and MW each. These samples were combined with concentrated nitric acid. Wanning the mixture to just below boiling temperature for 5 to 7 minutes did not result in total digestion. Hence, the incubation time in the water bath was increased to 30 minutes. Afterward, these samples were analyzed in the spectrometer. 

Most organic compounds may be best analyzed by GC/MS. Such GC/MS or GC analysis, however, is preceded by either a purge and trap concentration step or a liquid or solid phase extraction step using a suitable organic solvent. The purge and trap method for aqueous samples is applicable for volatile substances that have lower solubility in water. A mass spectrometer should be used wherever possible to identify the compounds more correctly. Although it has a lower sensitivity than other GC detectors, mass spectrometiy is, by far, the most confirmatory test for compound identification. 

In the studies discussed above, HO radicals were detected. HO radicals are neither a reactant nor a product of the H0S02 + O2 reaction (3). Hence, these studies of the kinetics of reaction (3) are indirect. In the work of Gleason et aL (111, the reactant H0S02 and the product SO3 were monitored. This work at first glance appears to be a direct study of the kinetics of reaction (3), until one realizes that these species were monitored by chemical ionization mass spectrometiy. H0S02 was converted to SO3 and SO3 was converted to (Q SC>3) pnor to mass spectrometric detection. The detection of H0S02 and SO3 are based upon a complete understanding of the chemical ionization... 

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