First of a kind

The expenses associated with each phase of the startup were estimated to develop the start-up expenses for this first of a kind project. This exercise helped greatly in developing the operating costs. 

Regardless of the estimating method, a process contingency should be added to the total plant cost for feasibility studies. As discussed earlier, this contingency depends on the status of the project. For most factored estimates, on a first of a kind process that is fairly well defined, the process contingency should be 30%. 

It is important to underscore that the scientific and technical work being carried out at Yucca Mountain represents cutting edge science on a first-of-a-kind project The licensing process - for a project whose performance is to be projected over such long time scales - will also break new ground. 

In Fig. 9.2 we present results of a first-of-a-kind study of the hydration of the first-transition-row metals within the quasichemical framework. The biphasic behavior of the actual hydration free energy is consistent with features inferred experimentally. Removing the ligand field effects reveals the linear decrease [12]. The results shown in Fig. 9.2 are largely outside the purview of extant simulation techniques, but are treated simply in the quasichemical framework developed below. 

The most recent system is a 220 kilowatt fuel cell/gas turbine power plant operating at the University of California s National Fuel Cell Research Center located in Irvine, California. The first-of-a-kind hybrid power plant consists of a 200 kilowatt fuel cell generator pressurized at about 3.5 atmospheres in combination with a 20 kilowatt two-shaft gas turbine. The system was first run at the Pittsburgh facility and started operating at Irvine in June, 2000. Total run time until July, 2000 was 264 hours. Electric energy delivered was 42 megawatt-hours. Electric efficiency was 51% (LHV). An electric power feed-through mounted on the pressure vessel devel-... 

Completed first-of-a-kind hydrogen and electricity co-production facility... 

The same is true for the taste of some private companies to take up challenges and participate in first of a kind endeavours. 

After addition of the cost of storage tanks that does not appear in the flow sheet and of the initial feedstock of raw materials (sulphuric acid and iodine), the overall investment cost for a first-of-a-kind plant amounts to about EUR 2.5 G. 

First-of-a-Kind Unit - Would tend to drive engineering disproportionately higher. 

For a small, simple project the startup could be as easy as starting a pump. Obviously, one person could probably handle the startup efficiently. For a mega project, several hundred operators and engineers may be needed. For this description, let us assume that the project is for a first of a kind operation with 200 pieces of major equipment. Many of the functions will be there no matter what size project. For your project, the size and complexity will determine the total number of people required. The organization chart in Fig. 18.2 shows the startup team and the reporting relationship. 

Process leader 4 points Has first-of-a-kind process experience Previous experience as process leader First or second project with firm... 

Experience with similar projects - organic/first-of-a-kind ... 

The high-level waste treatment system represents the combination of all the experience gained at the various government-operated reprocessing facilities during the previous 20 years. In addition the design incorporated input from the State of New York which had to obtain the necessary statutory authority to enter another first-of-a-kind agreement... 

Historical data on disposal costs are often inadequate for estimating operating costs for a new unit, since environmental laws have changed extensively. In the early stages of planning for a plant, many of the trace impurities and their disposal problems may not be defined, especially for a first of a kind unit. Every effort should be made to define the waste products and their compositions. The operating costs for the ultimate disposal of every waste stream must be estimated. If not enough is known, then an allowance for the costs of the most expensive disposal method must be included. 

At BGCAPP, the Kentucky Department of Enviromnental Protection (KDEP) indicated tiiat if the first-of-a-kind SCWO treatment unit is eliminated, it might deem the RD D approach inappropriate, and in that case. BGCAPP would have to apply for and receive a standard RCRA operating permit under a Part B application (Bizzigotti et al.. 2006). 

A. first-of-a-kind multifunctional catalytic system is being developed to convert synthesis gas into synthetic crude via the Fischer-Tropsch reaction. This is achieved through intensification of chemical reaction and heat and mass transport processes within the catalyst system. Tbe synergistic integration of intensified unit operations with chemical reaction leads to enhanced catalyst performance and significant economic advantages. 

---