Fire resistant compounds

Other Fire-Resistant Hydraulic Fluids. Phosphate and more recently polyol esters are marketed as fire-resistant compounds. They are formulated with additives to control wear, oxidation, corrosion, and misting. Seal compatibdity and solvency characteristics of these fluids may be quite different from those of mineral ods. 

Polyarylketones, with oxygen indices of 24, are not truly fire resistant. Compounding can improve these performances and numerous grades reach a UL94 rating of VO with oxygen indices superior to 35. 

Typically, sites lease their FRC from a vendor and workers have five to seven days of FRC available for work. At the end of the workday, they usually place their dirty FRC in a collection site. The vendor collects it, washes it, and returns it to the user work area. This is done to prevent the worker from taking the FRC home and washing it with the wrong detergents, bleaches, etc., that might degrade the fire resistant compounds of the garment. 

The solution adopted by LNP Engineering Plastics in its electroconductive Faradex compounds, notably Faradex DS-1003 FR HI, has been to incorporate a balanced dispersion of stainless steel fibres (1 %-2% by volume and 10%-20% by weight). This custom colourable, halogen-free fire resistant compound, based on Lexan EXL PC resin, provides both EMI shielding of between 20 dB and 60 dB and electrostatic dissipative qualities. 

Pentaerythritol is used in self-extinguishing, non dripping, flame-retardant compositions with a variety of polymers, including olefins, vinyl acetate and alcohols, methyl methacrylate, and urethanes. Phosphoms compounds are added to the formulation of these materials. When exposed to fire, a thick foam is produced, forming a fire-resistant barrier (see Elame retardants) (84—86). 

Initiators (1) and (2) have 10-h half-life tempeiatuies of 237°C and 201°C, respectively. It has been reported that, unlike organic peroxides and ahphatic azo compounds, carbon—carbon initiators (1) and (2) undergo endothermic decompositions (62). These carbon—carbon initiators are useful commercially as fire-retardant synergists in fire-resistant expandable polystyrenes (63). 

Liquid phosphate esters, eg, tricresyl phosphate [1330-78-5] are one of two types of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids (qv). Fire-resistant fluids account for less than 10% of the total fluids market. Phosphoms-based fluids generally are stable at high temperatures in addition to being fire resistant. Approximately 10,000 t of organophophoms compounds were used in hydraulic fluids in 1994. The manufacture of these materials consumed ca 4000 t of POCI3. 

Selenium and selenium compounds are also used in electroless nickel-plating baths, delayed-action blasting caps, lithium batteries, xeroradiography, cyanine- and noncyanine-type dyes, thin-film field effect transistors (FET), thin-film lasers, and fire-resistant functional fluids in aeronautics (see... 

EiaaHy, a new aluminum fire-resistant paneling consists of a composite design that iacludes a soHd thermoplastic compound core covered with a high density polyethylene adhesive film and an aluminum skin. The product is easily formable. It has sound deadening abiHties, and an optional poly(vinyHdene fluoride) resia coatiag provides damage resistance. 

Phenohc resins (qv), once a popular matrix material for composite materials, have in recent years been superseded by polyesters and epoxies. Nevertheless, phenohc resins stiU find considerable use in appHcations where high temperature stabiHty and fire resistance are of paramount importance. Typical examples of the use of phenoHc resins in the marine industry include internal bulkheads, decks, and certain finishings. The curing process involves significant production of water, often resulting in the formation of voids within the volume of the material. Further, the fact that phenoHcs are prone to absorb water in humid or aqueous conditions somewhat limits their widespread appHcation. PhenoHc resins are also used as the adhesive in plywood, and phenohc molding compounds have wide use in household appliances and in the automotive, aerospace, and electrical industries (12). 

To conclude this synthetic section, it appears very clear that the experimental approaches for preparation of POPs are very numerous and give accessibility to phosphazene polymers and copolymers with different structures and properties. Moreover, it has been recently estimated [10,383] that the total number of polyphosphazenes reported up to now in the literature is about 700, and that these materials can find potential practical application as flame- and fire-resistant polymers [44,283, 384-388] and additives [389, 390] thermally stable macromolecules [391] chemically inert compounds [392] low temper-... 

Organophosphate esters are among the most widely used classes of synthetic compounds in hydraulic fluids. They are used as anti-wear additives in mineral oil hydraulic fluids and are significant components in certain fire-resistant hydraulic fluids (FMC 1991c, 1991d, 1992a, 1992b Wills 1980). 

Cyanamides - Cyanamides also represent a class of materials where reactive oligomers have been prepared. A representative example of the type of modification done to cyanamides to moderate the initial reaction to obtain linear soluble melt-processable oligomers 1s shown in Eq. 2. A bis(aryl sulfonyl cyanamide) was initially reacted with two moles of a bis (cyanamide) to yield an oligomeric mixture (ideally represented in Eq. 2 as a simple compound). These fire-resistant materials have shown promising properties as composite resin matrices (6). 

Most polyphenylene sulfides are fire resistant with oxygen indices ranging from 45 up to 57 and a UL94 rating of VO. Rarely, a few compounds are reported to have a UL94 rating of HB with an oxygen index of 25. 

Flameproof (or Fireproof) Compounds are substances used to impregnate various flammable materials to make them fire-resistant or capable of burning without flame. Numerous compns are given in Refs 1 2. (See also Fire-Resistant Textiles and Fire-Retardant Paints) Refs 1) H. Bennet, "The Chemical Formulary , Vol 1-7, Van Nostrand, NY(1933—... 

Flamoproofing Substances. See Flameproof Compounds, Fire Resistant Textiles, and Fire Retardant Paints... 

New trends in the modification of lignins related to the formation of polymeric materials with such special properties as thermal stability, fire resistance and use as carriers for controlled release, bioactive compounds are discussed. Several properties of new polymeric materials, especially their thermal behavior, were studied. 

Syntactic foams are less combustible than their chemically foamed counterparts for the same reason. A syntactic foam s fire resistance can be increased using modifiers and additives in much the same way as for ordinary plastics, the only additional precaution being that the filler—binder adhesion should not be impaired in the process. Specially compounded polyester resins have been used in the USSR to obtain syntactic foams, whose combustion times and mass losses are, respectively, 4-60 and 24 to 180 times lower than those of the unmodified plastic 155). 

Because of a 1973 U.S. law requiring that mattresses meet requirements for cigarette-ignition resistance, it s hard to find a healthy mattress without the fire-retardant chemicals that pose significant health risks. A report by Environment California Research and Policy Center says that some of the most commonly used fire-retardant compounds are PBDEs, which have recently been accumu-... 

Paint compounds which do not provide these features to a satisfactory degree are either low-grade paints or merely coatings. A number of coatings have been offered on the market to provide protection against fire. Some of these are effective fire-retardant compounds, but the majority will not withstand weathering and thus have limited interior use only. To overcome this deficiency, manufacturers recommend a second or protective coat of moisture-resistant material. As an alternative means of achieving this same result, fire-retardant chemicals can be sprayed or brushed on wood and protected by a normal paint after the chemical dries. 

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