Fillers for rubber

An organic material which occurs in the woody tissues of plants. It is a by-product in the preparation of cellulose for the manufacture of paper, rayon and the cellulose plastics, and its use has been proposed as a reinforcing filler for rubber. 

Silica used as a filler for rubbers is silicon dioxide, with particle sizes in the range of 10-40 nm. The silica has a chemically bound water content of 25% with an additional level of 4-6% of adsorbed water. The surface of silica is strongly polar in nature, centring around the hydroxyl groups bound to the surface of the silica particles. In a similar fashion, other chemical groups can be adsorbed onto the filler surface. This adsorption strongly influences silica s behaviour within rubber compounds. The groups found on the surface of silicas are principally siloxanes, silanol and reaction products of the latter with various hydrous oxides. It is possible to modify the surface of the silica to improve its compatibility with a variety of rubbers. 

This filler is mined, ground and sieved to a particle size less than 100 mesh and used as an inert diluent and cheapening filler for rubber compounds. It is usually off-white to cream in colour. Depending upon source, the filler can be contaminated with metal ions, e.g., iron, copper, manganese, which can catalyse oxidation. It can be used in very high loadings with great effect on compound hardness. 

Lignosulfonates have recently been tried as a filler for rubber but are slightly less efficient than carbon black, the cheap conventional filler with which it must compete. However, it is conceivable that lignin could increase the stability of rubber to ozone, the natural reagent which causes vulcanized rubber to "perish. ... 

Zinc carbonate occurs in nature as mineral smithsonite and zincspar. The compound is used in ceramics and fire proofing filler for rubber and plastics. 

Wood forms one of the world s most important chemical raw materials. It is the primary source of cellulose for the pulp and paper and cellulose industries. These industries are well up in the group of 10 major industries of the United Slates. For paper, rayon, films, lacquers, explosives and plastics, which comprise the greatest chemical uses of wood, it is the cellulose component (plus certain amounts of hemicellulose) of wood that is of value. The lignin forms a major industrial waste as a by-product of the paper and cellulose industries. Its major use is in its heat value in the recovery of alkaline pulping chemicals. A variety of minor uses for lignin have been developed, such as for the manufacture of vanillin, adhesives, plastics, oil-well drilling compounds and fillers for rubber. 

The methane burns to form water, and the carbtjn is deposited as very finely divided carbon, which finds extensive use as a filler for rubber for automobile tires,... 

Use Ceramic products, refractories, colloidal suspensions, oil-well drilling fluids, filler for rubber and plastic products, films, paper coating, decolorizing oils, temporary molds, filtration, carrier in insecticidal sprays, catalyst support. 

Use Ceramics, fireproofing filler for rubber and plastic compositions exposed to flame temperature, cosmetics and lotions, pharmaceuticals (ointments, dusting powders), zinc salts, medicine (topical antiseptic). 

Kobe Steel, Ltd. formerly developed a new process for producing powdered rubber and constructed an actual plant with a capacity of 7,000 ton per year in Osaka in 1976 (l, 2). The powdered rubber is used as shock absorbing material for railway beds or as a filler for rubber products. 

Harwich Standard Ektribution Corporation 60 S. Seiberling Street P.O. Box 9360 Akron, OH 44305-0360, USA tel 1 330 798 9300 fax 1 330 798 0214 distributor of full range of fillers for rubber and plastics fumed silica 132... 

Carbon black is the most important and powerful filler for rubbers. Each of the above characteristics of the carbon black has its effect on the properties of rubber in which carbon black is incorporated and careful selection of grade is necessary to ensure a correct balance of processing and vulcanising properties. The furnace black type, which has fine particle size, is used in lining, where high strength and resistance to abrasion are required. 

The first reinforcing silica for rubber, which was in the form of a calcium silicate and known as Silene, was introduced to the U.S. market as early as 1939 (II). The first reinforcing fillers for rubber articles available in West Germany after the Second World War were also calcium and aluminum silicates. The production of Hi-Sil, a silicate with a high silica content, started in 1946 (12). The first pure precipitated silica was brought onto the European market in 1953 and was called Ultrasil VN 3 (13). 

Burgess. [Burgess Pigment] Anhydrous hydrous aluminum silicates, some treated reinforcing fillers for rubbers, resins. 

CryOfine . [Midwest Elastomers] Cryo-genically ground fine particle rubber (butyl, EPDM, neoprene, nitrile, SBR, mixed and natural rubbm) filler for rubber compding. 

Select-A-Sorb. [R.T. Vanderinlt] Hydrous magnesium silicate reinfacing filler for rubber, wire and cable stocks. 

X50 S. [D ssa] Si69 and N330 carbon black reinforcing filler for rubber industry. 

USE Decolorizes for oils and other liquids filtering medium Filler for rubber in agricultural formulations also instead of absorbent charcoal. 

Huber. (J.M. Huber/Qay Div.] Kaolin clay, carbon blade, or mica fillers for rubber and plastics industries. 

OTHER COMMENTS used in the manufacture of cellophane and photographic papers useful as a filler for rubber, linoleum, textiles, plastics, and lithograph inks also used as a water-color pigment for colored paper and in wallpaper other uses include x-ray photography and as an opaque medium for gastrointestinal radiography. 

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