Fire proofing

Special attention to heat-resistant and fire-proofing properties of the body. Doors all lockable and placed and constructed as to overlap joints... 

Each type of fire proofing system uses a different combination of materials with various physical and chemical properties. Selection of fireproofing materials... 

Isolation valves should be easily accessible under adverse conditions or valve should be remotely operable. The isolation valve should be fire rated and the actuator and power cables should be fire proofed. Twenty minutes of fireproofing is required when the design is not "fail closed." Isolation valves can serve a dual function, such as equipment isolation. The isolation valves should be located as close to the outlet flange of the vessel as possible. 

Zinc carbonate occurs in nature as mineral smithsonite and zincspar. The compound is used in ceramics and fire proofing filler for rubber and plastics. 

Granular carbonaceous material such as Bugbird carbon is impregnated with a solution of a fire-proofing material such as Amm phosphate or Ca chloride and the treated material is used as a carrier for liq oxygen. G.B. Holderer, USP 2119050 (1938) CA 32,... 

Tetrakishydroxymethylphosphonium salts (THPC, THPS, etc.) are of major importance as raw material monomers in the flame-retardant treatment of cotton (industrial protective clothing, furnishing fabrics, etc.). Proban chemicals are produced from THPC or THPS with urea194. These compounds have been often patented as additives of natural and artificial fibres210,211, coatings 212,213 and in fire-proofing solution for wood214. 

HIPS is used to an extent of more than 75% for television plastics, and 5% for computer plastics (25, p. 580). These fields of applications naturally demand fire proof materials. Some flame retardants for HIPS are summarized in Table 9.3. 

The fusibility of a substance is not solely Influenced by tho elements which enter into its composition, but also by tho manner in which these elements ate arranged and oombined together. The chief constituent of clay—alumina—is a base which, In combination with silica, forms one of the most refractory substances, and this property is possessed by the clays in proportion as they ore unmixed. with other bases, as alkalies, oxide of iron, lime, arid magnesia, in the order here given. In tho purer clays, which for ajl ordinary purposes may be considered fire-proof, the refractory quality is augmented in proportion to the quantity of silica they contain. 

Because of its extended polyconjugated framework, polymer (210) exhibits semiconducting properties both by itself and in the presence of additives. Perhaps a more remarkable property, however, is that polymer (210) does not burn when exposed to a flame. Thus, by employing this thermooxidative reaction, woven or knitted poly(acrylonitrile) fibers can be transformed into fire-proof materials. Polymer (210) can be pyrolyzed still further at temperatures generally in excess of 1000 °C to expel all heteroatoms and generate carbonized or graphitized fibers. These fibers find application where an inert, extremely high temperature, e.g. up to 3000 °C, material is required. 

Ablation means removal of material from the surface of an object by vaporization, chipping, or other erosive processes. The term occurs in Space Physics [5]. In space vehicle design, ablation is used to both cool and protect mechanical parts and/or payloads that would otherwise be damaged by extremely high temperatures. A low-density EPDM rubber is a fire stopping and fire proofing product that can be ablative in nature. 

England and did an enormous amt of damage. Other serious explns occurred at Manchester in 1908 and at Seaforth in 1910, both in England. Consequently, KC103 should be stored in a fire-proof bldg away from combustible materials, and it should be handled with great care... 

To end this paragraph, some information on the oxides. As mentioned earlier, metal oxides react in an alkaline way and for that reason are called alkaline oxides. In ceramics, for instance, we come across them as components in glazes and fire proof materials. Oxides of non-metals are not built up of ions and immediately react with water to form acid solutions. When for example N205 gas is led through water, hydrogen nitrate is formed, or in case of an excess of water, a solution of it, called nitric acid. An then there is the small number of oxides which... 

If no laboratory or other room is available for conversion to a dangerous operations laboratory, then a semi-permanent structure of adequate design sited at a safe distance from regularly occupied laboratories and offices may be constructed from lightweight and fire-proof building materials (cf. unattended operations, Section 2.16). 

Szablowska, B. and Pelica, 1, Fire proofed floor coverings on the basis of polyolefins, in Proceedings from Flame Retardants 96, Grayson, S.J. (Ed.), British Plastics Federation, London, Interscience Communications Ltd., London, U.K., 1996, p. 241. 

Bodero, S. and Dien, R. 1994. Polyamide-based fire-proofed compositions. WO 94/22944. 

NACE Publication 6H189, A State-of-the-Art Report of Protective Coatings for Carbon Steel and Autenitic Stainless Steel Surfaces under Thermal and Cementitious Fire Proofing — A Technical Report by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers Task Groups 7-H-31, 1989. 

On the subject of stabilization and fire-proofing commercial polymers, only one textbook (I) and a few summary articles (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) exist besides specific publications. It is hoped that this book will show the importance of this area to the industry. The trend is to use plastics more and more outdoors and under severe environments. The achievements of the experts and authors of the following chapters are aimed for this target. 

Fig. 5.29 The mock storage house (III) coated with fire-proof board on the surface of steel board.

Metal salts may be used in the treatment of wool. Flame methods for the determination of aluminium [185], barium, chromium, copper, mercury, strontium, tin, zinc [186] and zirconium [187] in wool have been published. Standard additions to wool cleaned by soaking and washing it with disodium EDTA (800 ml of 0.5 M for 30g wool with soaking for 3 days and double washing) was used as the calibration technique. This compensated for interferences from hydrochloric acid and amino-acids. The samples were equilibrated to a constant humidity for 24 h and then 0.3 g sealed with 5 ml of constant boiling point hydrochloric acid in a glass tube. The tubes were placed in an oven at 110UC for 20 h. The nitrous oxide/acetylene flame was used for the determination of aluminium and zirconium. Sulphate, phosphate, citrate and silicate have been found to interfere in the determination of titanium and zirconium in fire-proofed wool [188], These flame... 

---