FIFO

Digital Signal Processor board fPSP) it is hosted into the PC and processes in real time the binary sequences stored into the acquisition board FIFO memories. The board processes arrival times and extracts the correlated AT generated by AE events. The PC picks up the data stored into the DSP memories and calculates the position of the AE sources. 

Then, when the digitizer samples the signal, the phase to be used for signal demodulation is known exactly. The FIFO memory is added because the output sample rate of the digitizer is between 8 and 64 kHz (depending on the bandwidth) and the output sample rate of the DSP (of the demodulator) is 5 kHz maximum. So, during one demodulation cycle, many points are written in the FIFO by the digitizer. The DSP reads them and the demodulation is carried out. 

Note that the last terra in expression (2) of V does not depend on electronic coordinates, and therefore it may be neglected in fifo. The adiabatic Hamiltonian still depends parametrically on R, and so is the electronic wave funcion 4>). If we expand the nuclear coordinates or some of the nuclear coordinates with respect to a given configuration, that is, if we define... 

The value of the inventory 7 at any given time depends on the values ascribed to the units withdrawn from inventoiy. There are five methods forvalmng inventoiy (I) FIFO (first-in-first-out), (2) LIFO (last-in-first-out), (3) average cost, (4) standard cost, and (5) market value. 

In the FIFO method, the units taken out of storage are valued at their purchase price beginning with the earliest item purchased. If a number of units m are removed from inventory during the period, the total cost of these items on a FIFO basis is given by ... 

Let us calculate the value of the raw-materials inventory after, say, 5500 units have been withdrawn from inventory, first by using FIFO and then by using LIFO. 

Thus, in a time of rising raw-materials prices, the FIFO method gives a higher value for the remaining inventory than will LIFO. In a time of falling prices, the FIFO method will give a lower value for the remaining inventory than will LIFO. 

On the basis of Table 9-30, when 5500 items have been removed from inventory, the value of the inventoiy by using the FIFO, LIFO, simple-average, and weighted average methods respectively is... 

The inventoiy system needed is FIFO, which is desirable when inventories are subject to obsolescence or deterioration or when they consist of raw materials that fluc tuate widely in value. The capital investment for a typical aisle-rack storage system having a 5000-paUet capacity (I deep) is 6.5 per stored pallet (this does not include hft-truck investment). 

For loads with fast variations, this type of a modified version too may be sluggish, due to step-by-step tuning. In such cases it is possible to employ two relays, one for coarse correction, such as through a serial relay (FIFO) which can quickly switch the large banks, and the other for fine tuning, which may be a binary relay. These two relays may be combined into one hybrid unit. The binary scheme can thus be modified to suit any required duty with prompt and finer corrections and least strain on a particular unit or on the system. 

Establish an inventory management system that enables FIFO and just-in-time deliveries and shipments. 

FIGURE 22.17 The R. viridis reaction center is coupled to the cytochrome h/Cl complex through the quinone pool (Q). Quinone molecules are photore-duced at the reaction center Qb site (2 e [2 hv] per Q reduced) and then diffuse to the cytochrome h/ci complex, where they are reoxidized. Note that e flow from cytochrome h/ci back to the reaction center occurs via the periplasmic protein cytochrome co- Note also that 3 to 4 are translocated into the periplasmic space for each Q molecule oxidized at cytochrome h/ci. The resultant proton-motive force drives ATP synthesis by the bacterial FiFo ATP synthase. (Adapted from Deisenhofer, and Michel, H., 1989. The photosynthetic reaction center from the purple bac-terinm Rhod.opseud.omoaas viridis. Science 245 1463.)... 

The data acquisition is performed using an ADC board (PC-414G3, DATEL, USA). Because the ADC board has 14-bit resolution, simultaneous two-channel acquisition capability up to 1 MHz sampling rate and 32 Kword FIFO buffer memory, it has sufficient performance for most MRI applications. 

Note that for reactions which do not practically proceed in the dark (fifo = 0) the photocatalytic effect can be characterized not by the relative quantity (52) ... 

Some injection moulding machines are designed according to the First-In, First-Out (FIFO) principle. The material first plasticised is also the first material to be injected so that the thermal state of the entire shot volume is identical. 

Buffer a FIFO hst it accepts, or emits, any object (property) on request. 

ATP is made by the FiFo ATPase. This enzyme allows the protons back into the mitochondria. Since the interior is alkaline, the reaction is favorable—favorable enough to drive the synthesis of ATP by letting protons back into the mitochondria. Exactly how the FiFq ATPase couples the flow of protons down their concentration gradient to the formation of ATP is not known in molecular detail. The proton flow through the FiFo ATPase is required to release ATP from the active site where it was synthesized from ADP and Pj. The ATP is made in the interior of the mitochondria and must be exchanged for ADP outside the mitochondria to keep the cytosol supplied with ATP. The exchange of mitochondrial ATP for cytoplasmic ADP is catalyzed by the ATP/ADP translocase. 

Muller V, Aufurth S, Rahlfs S. 2001. The Na -cycle in Acetobacterium woodii identification and characterization of a Na -translocating FiFo-ATPase with a mixed oligomer of 8 and 16-kDa proteolipids. Biochim Biophys Acta 1505 108-20. 

ATP synthesis is the final step in the conservation of energy via chemios-mosis. This step is catalyzed by FiFo ATP synthase, a multisubunit enzyme complex found exclusively in cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria (Senior 1988). It uses the chemiosmotic energy (ApH) generated from membrane ET to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi. The most investigated bacterial... 

Aufurth S, Schagger H, Muller V. 2000. Identification of subunits a, b, and cl from Acetobacterium woodii Na -FiFo-ATPase. Subunits cl, c2, and c3 constitute a mixed c-oligomer. J Biol Chem 275 33297-301. 

Deckers-Hebestreit G, Altendorf K. 1996. The FiFo-type ATP synthases of bacteria structure and function of the Fq complex. Annu Rev Microbiol 50 791-824. 

Rahlfs S, Aufurth S, Muller V. 1999. The Na -FiFo-ATPase operon from Acetobac-terium woodiv. operon structure and presence of multiple copies of atpE, which encode proteolipids of 8- and 18-kDa. J Biol Chem 274 33999 004. 

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