FiFo structure

Deckers-Hebestreit G, Altendorf K. 1996. The FiFo-type ATP synthases of bacteria structure and function of the Fq complex. Annu Rev Microbiol 50 791-824. 

Rahlfs S, Aufurth S, Muller V. 1999. The Na -FiFo-ATPase operon from Acetobac-terium woodiv. operon structure and presence of multiple copies of atpE, which encode proteolipids of 8- and 18-kDa. J Biol Chem 274 33999 004. 

Three types of ATP-driven cation pumps can be distinguished on the basis of their structure and their sensitivity to inhibitors. They are the E E2-ATPases, the FiFo-proton-translocating ATP synthase, and the vacuolar ATPases which are designated as P-, F-, and V-type ATPases, respectively [37]. Several of the distinguishing characteristics of these enzymes are summarized in Table 1. The F- and V-ATPases can be differentiated by the sensitivity of the former to azide and the latter to nitrate and A-ethylmaleimide (NEM)[38]. In addition, the V-ATPases are exquisitely sensitive to the antibiotic bafilomycin A [39,40]. 

Liu et al. have described the solution structure of a mutant of the homodimer protein transcription factor 1, TFl. The dimeric core, consisting of the N-terminal helices and beta sheets, is more tightly packed than wire type, and this might be responsible for its increased thermal stability. Also, Gordon-Smith et al reported the dimeric structure of a C-terminal fragment of Bovine IFl, which inhibits the hydrol) ic action of the FIFO ATP synthase in mitochondria under anaerobic conditions. Most imusually, the molecule forms an anti-parallel coiled-coil in which three histidine residues occupy key positions at the dimer interface. ... 

The structure in the time-tag mode is shown in Fig. 3.15. It contains the channel register, the time-measurement block, a macro time" clock, and the FIFO buffer for a large number of photons. It has some similarity to the multidimensional TCSPC described in the paragraphs above. In fact, many advanced TCSPC modules have both the photon distribution and the time-tag mode implemented, and the configuration can be changed by a software command [25]. The sequencer then turns into the macrotime clock, and the memory turns into the FIFO buffer. 

Girvin ME, Fillingame RH (1995) Determination of local protein structure by spin-label difference 2D NMR the region neighboring Asp61 of subunit-c of the FIFO ATP synthase. Biochemistry 34 1635-1645... 

In case the S-T allocation of the tiles are the same, the interface structure can be simplified to a FIFO because the order of writing and reading is similar although with unknown time delay. In our case, this requirement will always be fulfilled because the tiles are the same after partitioning. 

Some special memory structures do not follow the general accessing scheme of using an address. Two of the most frequently used are content addressable memory (CAM), and first-in-first-out (FIFO) memory. Another type of memory device, which accepts multiple addresses and produces several results at different ports, is called multiport memory. There is also a type of memory that can be written in parallel, but is read serially. It is referred to as video RAM or VDRAM since they are used primarily in graphic display applications. We will discuss these in more detail later. 

With this method, the extruder also works continuously, but the melt is stored in a tubular piston accumulator (Figure 1.139) from which the plastic is intermittently extruded to produce the tubular preform. Figure 1.140 illustrates an extrusion blow molding machine equipped with an accumulator head as it is used, for example, in the manufacture of plastic fuel tanks, barrels, liners, and other similar large structures. The removal of the finished part is done with grippers and a transfer mechanism. The accumulator heads work best with the first in, first out (FiFo) principle. This is necessary in order to accommodate for the limited thermal stability of the plastic. 

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