Field Characteristics

Use of One-Dimensional Skin-Effect Equations for Predicting Remote Field Characteristics Materials Evaluation Vol.47 / Jan.89... 

The problem of material type determination was decided on the base of data obtained, that is the value of deviation dispersion characteristics from analogous ultrasonic field characteristics in the model heterogeneous flawless medium with given type of structure. 

In order to develop the dyes for these fields, characteristics of known dyes have been re-examined, and some anthraquinone dyes have been found usable. One example of use is in thermal-transfer recording where the sublimation properties of disperse dyes are appHed. Anthraquinone compounds have also been found to be usehil dichroic dyes for guest-host Hquid crystal displays when the substituents are properly selected to have high order parameters. These dichroic dyes can be used for polarizer films of LCD systems as well. Anthraquinone derivatives that absorb in the near-infrared region have also been discovered, which may be appHcable in semiconductor laser recording. 

Currem field characteristics measured wiih conjugated polymers sandwiched between an indium-tin oxide (ITO) anode and an aluminum cathode are usually hole dominated and are, consequently, appropriate for testing injection/lransport models for the case of unipolar current How. Data shown in Figure 12-1 refer to injection-limited currents recorded on typically 100 nm thick spin-coated films of derivatives of poly(y d/"fi-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) and a planarized poly(/ /" -pheny-leue) employing a Keilhley source measure unit. The polymers were ... 

The magnitude of this chemical shift may be stated in hertz, but it is most often expressed in ppm as 8 (Eq. 3-51). The value of 8 is the shift in frequency relative to frequency of the oscillator in parts per million and is independent of the field strength. It still depends upon use of a particular reference standard which must be stated when a 8 value is given. In the spectrum shown in Fig. 3-24, the methyl protons appear 2.45 ppm below the DSS peak but still at a relatively high field. Characteristic chemical shift ranges for other protons (Table 3-3) extend to 20 ppm. 

Fukusima K, Sanssen D, Kikuchi E (1972) Sound field characteristics related to operation of ultrasonic converters. In Kikuchi E (ed) Ultrasonic converters. Mir, Moscow, p 353... 

Wind field characteristics Seawinds/QuickSCAT, ERS-2, Seawinds/ADEOS-2, SSM/I. Spaceborne system ERS-2 is equipped with scatterometer WS, synthetic aperture radar SAR, microwave radiometer MWR, altimeter RA, scanning radiometer ATSR, and the system GOME to measure ozone. 

Electrostrictive materials offer important advantages over piezoelectric ceramics in actuator applications. They do not contain domains (of the usual ferroelectric type), and so return to their original dimensions immediately a field is reduced to zero, and they do not age. Figure 6.24(a) shows the strain-electric field characteristic for a PLZT (7/62/38) piezoelectric and Fig. 6.24(b) the absence of significant hysteresis in a PMN (0.9Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/303-0.1 PbTi03) electrostrictive ceramic. 

Note that the right-hand side of this equation is independent of k, showing the homogeneous-field characteristic that... 

To determine the Lamb shift to within an error of the order of several ppm, the accuracy given by (1) is obviously insufficient. A computer calculation likewise cannot ensure the required accuracy, mainly because of the complicated behaviour of the atom in the interferometer and the uncertainty in the field characteristics at the boundaries, i.e. near the entrance and exit openings in the electrodes. 

The optical properties of GalnN/GaN quantum wells differ somewhat from the well-known behaviour of other III-V-based strained quantum well structures, partly due to the rather strong composition and well width fluctuations, possibly induced by a partial phase separation of InN and GaN. The even more dominant effect seems to be the piezoelectric field characteristic for strained wurtzite quantum wells, which strongly modifies the transition energies and the oscillator strengths. However, the relative influence of localisation and piezoelectric field effect is still subject to considerable controversy. 

Figure 67 The current-field characteristics of a DL electropho-sphorescent organic LED based on the metallo-organic phosphor Ir(ppy)3 (for the molecular structure see Fig. 31). The energy levels of the LED structure are given in the inset. The j(F) curves are well reproduced from run to run except the lowest field region, where the built in electric field (.Fbi = 2 x 105 V/cm), due to the difference in the work functions of the electrodes, becomes comparable with the applied field. After Ref. 304. Copyright 2002 American Physical Society.

Figure 77 Current-field characteristics [in log(j) F3 4) against F1/2 representation] of the DL LEDs consisting of variable concentration of TPD HTL (%TPD PC)(70nm) and a 100% evaporated Alq3 ETL (60 nm) sandwiched between an ITO anode and a Mg cathode. The slopes of straight lines approximating the experimental plots (points), a, in (cm/V)1 2 are given in the bottom-right corner. After Ref. 303. Copyright 2001 Institute of Physics (GB).

Figure 78 Thermionic injection current-field characteristics for the ITO/75% TPD PC/ Alq3/Mg/Ag devices with different proportions of the hole transporting to electron-transporting layer thicknesses as described previously in Fig. 70. The slopes in (cm/V)12 of the straight lines log(j/F3 4) vs. F1,/2 approximating the results according to Eq. (203) are given in the bottom-right corners of the figures. After Ref. 303. Copyright 2001 Institute of Physics (GB).

Figure 83 The high-field regime log-log current-field characteristic (a), replotted in three different representations (b) for ITO/TPD(130nm)/Mg/Ag (left) and ITO/Alq3(140nm)/Mg/Ag (right) EL diodes. The plots logy vs. F 1 2, logy vs F1 2 and logy vs. F 1 allow to test hot carrier, thermionic, and tunneling models for carrier injection, respectively. Adapted from Ref. 57.

Figure 89 Current-field characteristics, plotted in a log-log scale, as calculated numerically from Eq. (224) parametric in scattering length. Calculation was performed with a1 = 20nm-1, T=300K, e = 3, d = 10 pm, and for the case no surface recombination. The current values are normalized to j0. After Ref. 408. Copyright 1994 Wiley-VCH, with permission.

The field-dependent mobility, would obviously modify the shape of the field characteristics of space-charge-limited currents [cf. Sec. 4.3.1 Eqs. (168), (175), (176) and (185) the first original work see Ref. 377]. For example, the Schottky-type... 

Certain ore deposits may partially overlap in their lead isotope composition. In such a case, it might not be possible to decide on the basis of the lead isotope data alone which of the ore deposits in question provided the ore for metal artifacts that have lead isotope compositions that fall into the overlapping space. Sometimes, one of these ore deposits can be ruled out by using trace element data, particularly from gold and silver analyses (6). Lead isotope analyses by themselves can make a negative statement with absolute certainty in a way which chemical analysis can never hope to do. If the lead isotope composition of an artifact falls well outside the lead isotope field characteristic of a particular ore deposit then it is certain that the metal... 

It is important to preserve or translate as much of the original form and format of the data as possible, and that includes metadata. A database can contain a tremendous amount of metadata, such as audit trail information, electronic signatures, relationships between database tables, definition of field characteristics, etc. It is necessary to consider this metadata as part of the data set failure to do so could inhibit searchability and reporting after migration, make modification of old records problematic, or possibly even result in loss of the integrity of the records. Validation tasks associated with data migration must be geared to demonstrate that neither of these circumstances prevails. 

---