Field and laboratory emission cells

Wolkoff P. (1996) An emission cell for measurement of volafrle organic compounds emitted from building materials for indoor use-the field and laboratory emission cell FLEC. Gefahrstoffe-Reinhaltung der Luft, 56 (4), 151-7. 

Figure 5.2 Different types of devices for emission testing A Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC) B WKI 1 m3 glass chamber with Fast Mobility Particle Sizer (FMPS) C 1 m3 stainless steel chamber D Microchamber E WKI 48m3 stainless steel chamber.

Uhde, E., Borgschulte, A. and Salthammer, T. (1998) Characterization of the field and laboratory emission cell-FLEC flow field and air velocities. Atmospheric Environment, 32, 773-81. 

Jensen, B., Wolkoff, P., Wilkins, C.K. and Clausen, P.A. (1993) Characterisation of linoleum. Part 1 measurement of volatile organic compounds by use of the field and laboratory emission cell, FLEC. Proceedings of Indoor Air 93, Vol. 2, pp. 444-7. 

The field and laboratory emission cell affords a portable, nondestructive method of testing the surfaces of potential VOC sources. In addition to its utility as a climatic chamber, it provides valuable information on source strength, which can be used for source apportionment and to formulate strategies for emission control. Wolkoff et al. [85] used it to identify emission processes in a number of building materials, while Jarnstrom and Saarela [66] recently utilised it to show that the dominant source of 2,2,4-trimethyl-l,3-pentadiol-diisobutyrate in the indoor air of some problem apartments was the floor surface. 

Apart from the field and laboratory emission cell, other instruments that have been used for source identification and apportionment include... 

Fig. 4 Field and laboratory emission cell - top view (Photo T. Salthammer)...

The field and laboratory emission cell (FLEC) is a microchamber designed for emission testing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from, e.g., building materials. In contrast to traditional climate chambers, in the FLEC and other emission cells the test material becomes part of the cell itself. 

Ekbeig L.E., Gunnarsen L., Knutti R., Haas J. and Mogl S. (1995) Identification of air pollution sources in office buildings using the Field and Laboratory Emission Cell. Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 95, Milan, Italy, Vol. 3, 1353-1358. 

Gustafsson H., Jonsson B. and Lundgren B. (1995) Chemical emission from paints and other surface materials-measurements with Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC) and other climate chambers. In Bagda E. (ed) Emissionen aus Beschichtungsstoffen, Chapter 8, Stand der Technik, Analyse der Emissionen und deren Einfluss auf die Innenraumluft, 95-105. Expert Verlag. 

Roache N.F., Guo Z., Fortman R., and Tichenor B.A. (1996) Comparing the Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC) with traditional emissions testing chambers. Characterizing sources of indoor air pollution and related sink effects. ASTM STP 1287, Tichenor B. (ed) American Society for Testing and Materials, 98-111. 

Uhde E., Borgschulte A. and Salthammer T. (1997) Characterization of the Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC) Impact of Air Velocities on VOC Emission Rates. Proceedings of Healthy Buildings/ lAQ 97, Washington DC, Vol. 3, 503-508. 

Wolkoff P., Clausen P.A., Nielsen P.A., Gustafsson H., Jonsson B., Rasmusen E. (1991) Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC), Conf. Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 91, Washington D.C., USA, Sept 4-8, 160-165. 

Nordtest, NT build 438 (1995) Building materials emission of volatile compounds - field and laboratory emission cell (FLEC). P.O. Box 116, FIN-02151 Espoo. 

Wolkoff P, Clausen PA. and Nielsen PA. (1995) Application of the field and laboratory emission cell FLEC -performance study, intercomparison study and case study of damaged linoleum in an office. Indoor Air, 5, 196-203. 

FID FLEC FT-IR flame ionization detector field and laboratory emission cell Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy... 

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