Fibroin electrospun

Normal transmission IRLD can also be used to characterize polymeric fibers, although scattering can induce sloping baselines. Raman spectroscopy then becomes a convenient alternative. Rutledge et al. have recently probed the orientation in electrospun nanofibers composed of a core of Bombyx mori fibroin and an outer shell of poly (ethylene oxide) [24], The orientation values were low, less than 0.1, as is often the case in electrospun fibers. 

Figure 9 The electrospun fiber of fibroin (a) and the correlation between the concentration of fibroin and the diameter of electrospun fiber (b).

In order to improve the properties and the spinnability, fibroin sometimes has been electrospun together with other natural or synthetic polymers (Jin et al., 2002 Park et al., 2004, 2006 Wang et al., 2004, 2006). For instance, Jin et al. (2002) developed an aqueous process for silk electrospinning in combination with PEO. More recently, Cao (2008) used PVA/Silk Fibroin (SF), Gelatin/SF, and Hydroxyapatite (HAP)/SF to produce double-layered (core-shell) nanofibers (mats) by coelectrospinning. 

Figure 10 A novel micron-sized hybrid of silk fibroin and CaCOj, with a hollow structure and unusual rice-like shape is synthesized in the presence of regenerated silk fibroin via aggregation-mediated crystallization (a) mineralization of HAP on the electrospun mat of silk fibroin (b).

Cao, H. "Preparation of Silk Fibroin-based Electrospun Mat and Deposition of Inorganic Mineral on Silk Fibroin Matrix" Ph.D dissertation, Fudan University, 2008... 

Jin, H.J., Chen, J.S., Karageorgiou, V., Altman, G.H., and Kaplan, D.L. "Human bone marrow stromal cell responses on electrospun silk fibroin mats". Biomaterials 25(6), 1039-1047 (2004). 

Meechaisue, C., Wutticharoenmongkol, P., Waraput, R., Huangjing, T., Ketbumrung, N., Pavasant, P., and Supaphol, P. "Preparation of electrospun silk fibroin fiber mats as bone scaffolds A preliminary study". Biomed. Mater. 2(3), 181-188 (2007). 

Wang, H., Zhang, Y.P., Shao, H.L., and Hu, X.C. "Electrospun ultra-fine silk fibroin fibers from aqueous solutions". ]. Mater. Sci. 40(20), 5359-5363 (2005). 

Figure 29. (A) Raman spectroscopy of pristine, degummed and electrospun nonwoven silk mat. (B) Secondary structural compositions of siUc fibroin showing the fraction of Amide I to Amide III conformations [79].

Zhu J, Shao H, Hu X (2007) Morphology and structure of electrospun mats from regenerated silk fibroin aqueous solutions with adjusting pH. Int J Biol Macromol 41(4) 469-474... 

Zhang X, Baughman CB, Kaplan DL (2008) In vitro evaluation of electrospun silk fibroin scaffolds for vascular cell growth. Biomaterials 29(14) 2217—2227... 

Meinel AJ et al (2009) Optimization strategies for electrospun silk fibroin tissue engineering scaffolds. Biomaterials 30(17) 3058-3067... 

Xie F et al (2006) Effect of shearing on formation of silk fibers from regenerated Bombyx mori silk fibroin aqueous solution. Int J Biol Macromol 38(3-5) 284-288 Li C et al (2006) Electrospun silk-BMP-2 scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 27(16) 3115-3124... 

Sell SA, McClure MJ, Ayres CE, Simpson DG, Bowlin GL (2011) Preliminary investigation of airgap electrospun silk-fibroin-based structures for ligament analogue engineering. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 22 1253-1273... 

Biopolymers electrospun from natural materials usually fall into two categories proteins (e.g., collagen, gelatin and silk fibroin) and polysaccharides (e.g., cellulose and its derivatives, chitin/chitosan and hyaluronic acid). 

Gui-Bo, Y., et al., 2010. Study of the electrospun PLA/silk fibroin-gelatin composite nano-fibrous scaffold for tissue engineering. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 93A (1), 158-163. 

Park WH, Jeong L, Yoo DI, Hudson S (2004) Effect of chitosan on morphology and conformation of electrospun silk fibroin nanofibers. Polymers 45 7151-7157 Patnaik PR (2006) Dispersion optimization to enhance PHB production in fed-batch cultures of Ralstonia eutropha. Bioresour Technol 97 1994-2001 Patra SN, Bhattacharyya D, Ray S, Easteal AJ (2009) Electrospun poly(lactic add) based conducting nanofibrous networks. lOP Conference Series Mater Sci Eng doi 10.1088/1757-899X/4/l/012020 Peh KSH, Sodhi NS, de Jong J, Sekercioglu CH, Yap CAM, Lim SLH (2006) Conservation value of degraded habitats for forest birds in southern Peninsular Malaysia. Divers Distrib 12 572-581... 

FIGURE 6.4 Images of electrospun fibers from reprocessed fibroin of B. mori to illustrate nanoscale diameter fibers with high surface area in nonwoven mat formats, compared to the micron scale diameter native fibers generated by this silkworm. Image on left (10 jtm scale bar), on right (2 xm scale bar). 

Zhou, S., Peng, H., Yu, X. et al. (2008) Preparation and characterization of a novel electrospun spider silk fibroin/poly(D,L-lactide) composite fiber. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 112, 11209-11216. 

Electrospun SF-based fibers were prepared from aqueous regenerated silkworm silk Bombyx mon)/PEO solutions to be used as scaffolds for tissue engineering (Jin et al. 2004). PEO supplied good mechanical properties to the electrospun fibers. An MeOH posttreatment induced an amorphous to silk p-sheet conformational transition. The electrospun silk membrane was washed with water to remove PEO in order to improve the cell adhesion and proliferation. These silk fibrous membranes were nonimmunogenic, biocompatible, and capable of supporting bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) attachment. In another work, electrospun wool keratin/silk fibroin (WK/SF) blend nanofibers exhibited higher Cu + adsorption capacity than SF nanofibrous membrane (Ki et al. 2007). 

Alessandrino, A., Marelli, B., Arosio, C., Fare, S., Tanzi, M.C. and Freddi, G. 2008. Electrospun silk fibroin mats for tissue engineering. 

Lee, H. and Kim, G. 2010. Biocomposites electrospun with poly(epsilon-caprolactone) and sUk fibroin powder for biomedical applications. 

Chutipakdeevong, J., Ruktanonchai, U.R., and Supaphol, P. (2013) Process optimization of electrospun silk fibroin fiber mat for accelerated wound healing. J. Appl Polym. Sci., 130, 3634-3644. 

Wang S, Zhang Y, Wang H, Yin G, Dong Z. Fabrication and properties of the electrospun polylactide/silk fibroin-gelatin composite tubular scaffold. 

Marelli B, AchUli M, Alessandrino A, Freddi G, Tanzi MC, Fare S, et al. Collagen reinforced electrospun silk fibroin tubular construct as small calibre vascular graft. Macro-mol Biosci 2012 12 1566-74. 

---