Fibers acids

Effect of Fiber Properties. Acid dyes are attracted to the accessible amine ends of the nylon chains located in the amorphous regions of the fiber. Acid dye affinity of nylon can be adjusted by a dding excess diamine or diacid to the polymer salt or by changing the molecular weight in polymerization. A light acid-dyeable nylon-6,6 is spun with 15—20 amine ends, expressed in terms of gram equivalents per 10 g of polymer. A medium or... 

Fig. 4. Carbocychc azo dyes. Disperse Yellow 3 [2832-40-8] (Cl 11855) (26) is used to dye polyester Reactive Orange 1 [6522-74-3] (Cl 17907) (27) is a cotton dye Direct Orange 26 [25188-23-2] (Cl 29150) (28) is a dye for paper Synacril Fast Red 2G [48222-26-0] (Cl 11085) (29) dyes acrylic fibers Acid...

Fibers Acids Alkalies Solvents Fiber Tensile Strength Temperature Limit ( F)... 

Fig. 4.28. Comparisons between experiments and theory of (a) maximum debond stress, crj, and (b) initial frictional pull-out stress for SiC fiber-glass matrix composites (O) untreated fibers ( ) acid treated...

Problems with the compatibility of the dyes can also arise in dyeing mixtures of PA and PAC fibers. Such blends are produced, e.g., for skiwear. The cationic dyes used for the PAC component do not dye normal PA fibers. Acid and metal-complex dyes leave PAC fibers practically white. Sulfo group containing 1 1 metal-complex dyes possess a zwitterionic character and therefore can be applied in low concentration in the same bath with cationic dyes, without the occurrence of precipitation. In this manner, one-bath dyeing can be carried out. The stability of... 

Dietary Fiber. Acid strength, temperature, time, and amount of sample per ml of acid solution all Influence the amounts of monosaccharides produced on hydrolysis. From the results of preliminary studies conditions were selected for these hydrolyses which appeared to produce close to maximum amounts of each monosaccharide. All of the hydrolyses were conducted following the same procedure. He have previously shown that different dietary fibers are composed of significantly different complements of acid hydrolyzable neutral monsaccharides as determined by direct TFA hydrolysis (16). Not only did different dietary fibers give different results but different lots of the same fiber type gave different results. 

Use Mainly in microscopy to stain elastic fibers, acidic mucines, cartilage, etc. The names orcein, orcinol, and Orseille are purported to originate via Oicela from the name of the Florentine merchant family Ro-cela who possessed a monopoly for lichen dyes in the 14th century. 

Basic orange 1 Basic red 12 dye, bast fibers Acid red 296 dye, biological Malachite green oxalate... 

Fiber Alkali resistant elass fibers Acid resistant class fibers ... 

The element is not found free in nature, but occurs as orthoboric acid usually found in certain volcanic spring waters and as borates in boron and colemantie. Ulexite, another boron mineral, is interesting as it is nature s own version of "fiber optics."... 

The carboxylic acid produced m the greatest amounts is 1 4 benzenedicarboxylic acid (terephthahc acid) About 5 X 10 Ib/year is produced m the United States as a starting material for the preparation of polyester fibers One important process converts p xylene to terephthahc acid by oxidation with nitric acid... 

Extrusion- Injection acid copolymer. maleic acid Putty, Glass-fiber- Polyimide,... 

Soot formation Sorbates Sorbent fibers Sorbex systems Sorbex technology Sorbic acid... 

Synthetases Synthetic fatly acids Synthetic fiber blends Synthetic fibers... 

The industrial value of furfuryl alcohol is a consequence of its low viscosity, high reactivity, and the outstanding chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of its polymers, corrosion resistance, nonburning, low smoke emission, and exceUent char formation. The reactivity profile of furfuryl alcohol and resins is such that final curing can take place at ambient temperature with strong acids or at elevated temperature with latent acids. Major markets for furfuryl alcohol resins include the production of cores and molds for casting metals, corrosion-resistant fiber-reinforced plastics (FRPs), binders for refractories and corrosion-resistant cements and mortars. 

The slurry is pumped iato another stock chest, where wax ia emulsion form, usually about 0.5—1.0% wax-to-fiber weight, and 1—3% PF resia are added. PF resia is also added on the basis of resia soHds-to-dry fiber. Thea a small amouat of alum is added, which changes the pH (acidity) of the slurry, causiag the resia to precipitate from solutioa and deposit on the fibers. Resia is required ia greater quantity than ia the Masonite process because only light bonding occurs between fibers prepared ia a refiner. The fiber slurry is thea pumped to the headbox of a Fourdrioier mat former, and from this poiat the process is similar to the Masonite process. 

A series of fiber-reactive dyes have been made by the reaction of Sulforhodamine B with chlorosulfonic acid, an appropriately substituted diamine, and cyanutic chloride to yield dyes, eg, a Sulforhodamine B derivative (34), with good hghtfastness (42). 

A series of water-soluble fiber-reactive xanthene dyes has been prepared from the reaction of ben2oxanthenedicatboxylic acid anhydride disulfonic acid with, for example, 3-aminophenyl-P-hydtoxyethyl sulfone to yield dyes, with high brilliance and good fastness properties for dyeing of or printing on leather, wool, sHk, or ceUulosic fibers (53). 

The majority of xylenes, which are mostly produced by catalytic reforming or petroleum fractions, ate used in motor gasoline (see Gasoline and other MOTORFUELs). The majority of the xylenes that are recovered for petrochemicals use are used to produce PX and OX. PX is the most important commercial isomer. Almost all of the PX is converted to terephthaUc acid and dimethylterephthalate, and then to poly(ethylene terephthalate) for ultimate use in fibers, films, and resins. 

Most of the acetic acid is produced in the United States, Germany, Great Britain, Japan, France, Canada, and Mexico. Total annual production in these countries is close to four million tons. Uses include the manufacture of vinyl acetate [108-05-4] and acetic anhydride [108-24-7]. Vinyl acetate is used to make latex emulsion resins for paints, adhesives, paper coatings, and textile finishing agents. Acetic anhydride is used in making cellulose acetate fibers, cigarette filter tow, and ceUulosic plastics. 

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