Kenaf fiber acid hydrolysis

The dimensions of CNC are dependent on the hydrolysis condition and the source of cellulose fibers [122], For example, the optimum acid concentration, temperature and hydrolysis time for H SO hydrolysis of kenaf bast fibers were reported as 65%, 45°C and 40 min, respectively (Figure 11.10a) [123], whereas for oil palm empty fruit bxmch fibers (OPEFB) they were 64%, 45 C and 1 hour, respectively (Figure 11.10b) [8], Furthermore, in HCF hydrolysis various conditions have been employed based on the raw material. For instance, CNC from MCC was produced by 2.5N HCL for 45 min [124] and from Whatman filter paper using 1.5N HCL for 4 hours at 100°C [125]. 

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