Fiber reinforcement plant-based

The term natural fibers covers a broad range of vegetable, animal, and mineral fibers. However, in the composites industry, it usually refers to wood fiber and plant-based bast, leaf seed, and stem fibers. These fibers often contribute greatly to the structural performance of the plant and, when used in plastic composites, can provide significant reinforcement. Below is a brief introduction to some of the natural fibers used in plastics. More detailed information can be found elsewhere [1-4]. 

Amir, N Ahmad, F. and Megat-Yusoff, P. (2010). Study on Fiber Reinforced Epoxy-based Intumescent Coating Formulations and Their Characteristics. International Conference on Plant Equipment and Reliability (ICPER 2010), Kuala Lumpnir, Malaysia, June 2010. 

Neutron irradiation of materials itself is a well-established field. To study the susceptibility of materials around nuclear plants, articles are well found in journals related to nuclear materials. Irradiation in a nuclear reactor is carried out, however with some exception, the beam provided is combination of y rays and neutron beams. Therefore one should be prudent in evaluating dose. Neutron loses its energy through nuclear collision because of electric neutrality. For organic materials, neutrons can make light mass nucleus recoiled, such as hydrogen. Based on this speculation, neutron irradiation on polymer materials can be simulated by proton irradiation. For example, proton beam (30 MeV) irradiation on glass fiber reinforced epoxy was carried out and it was found that deterioration behavior was identical between proton 30 MeV and y rays [118]. It... 

Although many kinds of fillers and fibers have been added to POs over the years, and new ones continue to be developed, the sections below cover the most used and most commercially important materials. These fillers and fibers continue to draw the greatest efforts from industry and academia for further development and improvement. Some newer kinds, such as nanofillers and plant-based fibers, are included here mainly because of their potential future importance. As in other chapters of this book, here the focus is more on materials that can be added in a typical compounding operation or "at the press"—rather than modifiers that are added more upstream by the resin producer, or hybrid combinations of materials, such as glass-mat composites or laminates, where the reinforcing material is not added during screw processing. 

But glass fiber is not the only fibrous material used as a polymer reinforcement. fibers made from plants and even other polymers have been used to make the PO system environmentally friendly as well as to lighten products, reduce britdeness, or improve wear qualities. Section 7.5.3 will cover alternative fibers, including wood and other plant-based fibers, that have made the... 

The results of recent research revealed that plant-based fibers can be effectively used as a reinforcement in polymer matrix composites, replacing synthetic fibers to some extent. 

Agro-based fiber-reinforced composites can absorb a significant amount of moisture, as the water retains in the inter-fibrillar spaces of these fibers [10]. The content of voids and the non-crystalline parts determine moisture absorption [3]. When these fibers are used in composites, the moisture can occupy the spaces in the flaws of the interface between the fiber and the matrix and the micro voids in the composites in addition to the inter-fibrillar spaces of the fibers [10]. The moisture absorption behavior of plant fibers is one of the main concerns related to the utilization in composite applications [24]. The moisture absorption that takes place as a result of the hydrophilic character of the fiber affects the performance of the composite negatively. Moisture uptake results in fiber swelling and this consequently changes the dimensional stability of the... 

Animal Fiber Reinforcements Although plant-based liber reinforcements have been frequently utilized and... 

There are plenty of examples in the literature where plant-based fibers have been used for reinforcing or filling non-degradable resins such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), nylons, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), epoxies and polyurethanes (PU), etc. [6-15]. The bulk of plant-based fiber composites, however, are made using wood flour, a byproduct from saw mills, or wood fiber obtained from waste or used wood products, e.g. packaging pallets, old furniture, and construction wood scraps. These inexpensive... 

UP/PHA resin suitability for glass fiber-reinforced molded parts that are exposed to corrosive media and environmental influences has contributed greatly to their wider application. On the basis of economic and technical factors, laminates based on unsaturated polyester resins and vinyl ester resins have become an indispensable, alternative material in industries with high corrosive loads, such as cellulose and paper [876], chlorine electrolysis [877], flue gas desulphurization in power plants and waste incineration plants, [878] and as pipelines for communal and industrial waste water [879]. 

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