Fiber insulation

Fig. 2. Thermal conductivity of refractory fiber insulations with 96-mg/cm density.

Economic Aspects and Uses. The principal producers in the United States are U.S. Borax and Chemical Corp., North American Chemicals Co., and American Borate Corp. Their combined aimual capacity in 1989 was reported to be 735,000 metric tons of equivalent boron oxide [1303-86-2], B2O2 (20). Of this toimage, 50% is exported. About 30% of boron compounds are used in glass fiber insulation. Another 30% is used in other type fibers and borosihcate glasses. Boron is also used in soaps and detergents, fire retardants, and agriculture (see Boron compounds). 

Wei, G.C. and Robbins JM., Carbon-bonded carbon fiber insulation for radioisotope space power systems. Ceramics Bulletin, 1985, 64(5),691 699. 

Thermal oxidizers must be built to provide the residence time and temperatures to achieve the desired destruction efficiency (DE). As such, thermal oxidizers are comparatively larger than catalytic oxidizers since their residence time is two to four times greater. Historical designs of thermal oxidizers were comprised of carbon steel for the outer shell and castable refractory or brick as the thermal liner (a refractory is like a cement, which is put on the inside of the rector shell to act as a thermal insulation barrier). Modern units are designed and built using ceramic fiber insulation on the inside, which is a lightweight material, and has a relatively long life. Old refractory would tend to fail over a period of years by attrition of expansion and contraction. 

Steel or asbestos cement cladding with plaster-board 0.4 lining and 100 mm fiber insulating roll Solid brick wall unplastered 105 mm 3.3... 

Weather boarding on timber framing with 10 mm 0.62 plasterboard lining, 50 mm glass-fiber insulation in the cavity and building paper behind the boarding... 

The insulation was 3.5-in.- (90-mm-) thick, unfaced, glass-fiber insulation (friction-fit). Walls with insulation also had a 4-mil clear polyethylene vapor barrier on their interior side. All wood and gypsum materials were conditioned at 23°C and 50 percent relative humidity, resulting in moisture content of 9 to 10 percent in wood materials. Figure 1 is a diagram of the wall frame construction. The hardboard siding was on the exterior side of the 5/8-in. (16-mm) plywood (not shown). 

Among lignocellulosic panel products, fiberboard (called fiber insulation board in earlier decades) seems to have caused more fires than the denser products hardboard, particleboard, and plywood. Fiberboard self-heats more because it conducts less of the generated heat out of the... 

Glass fiber insulation (30%) is the primary use of borates. Other uses include textile glass fiber (18%), soaps, detergents, and bleaches (10%), glass (10%), agriculture (7%), and flame retardants (6%). 

Hyporka. A glass fiber insulation used in rockets Ref A.J. Zachringer, Solid Propellant Rockets, Wyandotte, Mich (1955), p 152... 

Wood Fiber. Composed of wood libers, with or without binders. This is a type of cellulosic fiber insulation. 

U. S. Dept. Commerce, Commercial Standard CS42-49, Structural Fiber Insulating Board, 4th ed., 1949. 

Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wis., Evaluation of Flame-Spread Resistance of Fiber Insulation Board, Rept. D 1756 (April 1, 1950). pp. 9-12. 

A horizontal line is drawn along the center of the 155 x 800 mm specimen and vertical marks are made on the line at 25 mm intervals. A marked specimen backed by a ceramic fiber insulation board is mounted in the specimen holder. The holder is inserted when the panel reaches equilibrium and the heat flux at the 50 mm position is at the desired level. After preheating to steady conditions (see Equation 14.5 and subsequent discussion), the specimen is ignited at the hot end... 

A 1500-W tubular heater is wrapped around the reactor. The autoclave is placed inside a copper pipe, with Fiberfrax bulk fiber insulation packed between the copper pipe and the reactor. Four 1000-W quarter-circle ceramic heaters are placed around the copper pipe. The space between the copper pipe and the ceramic heaters is filled with aluminum balls for efficient and uniform heat transfer from the heaters to the copper pipe. The bottom of the copper vessel is closed with a copper plate. Beneath the copper plate, there are two heaters (a small one of 500 W and a larger one of 1000 W), which are tightly clamped to the bottom copper plate. The top of the copper pipe is similarly covered with another copper plate, and two slots are provided for the feed and product gas lines, coolant inlet and outlet lines, thermocouple extension wires, and the lead wires of the tubular heater. Two ring heaters (660 and 1000 W) are placed on the top copper plate. One thermocouple and a tape heater are placed on the shaft extension to minimize the heat loss through the shaft. No insulation is placed around the ceramic heaters to achieve better control of... 

A house wall may be approximated as two 1,2-cm layers of fiber insulating board, a 8.0-cm layer of loosely packed asbestos, and a 10-cm layer of common brick. Assuming convection heat-transfer coefficients of 15 W/m2 °C on both sides of the wall, calculate the overall heat-transfer coefficient for this arrangement. 

TABLE 3.1 Reduction in AITs Caused by Liquids Soaking in Glass Fiber Insulation... 

Construction materials such as cement, concrete, aggregate, mineral and glass fiber insulation, and gypsum wallboard. 

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